ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ (И. В. Орловская, Л. С. Самсонова, А. И. Скубриева - Учебник английского языка), страница 2

Упражнение 3. Поставьте следующие предложения в Past или Future Indefinite, добавляя слова last/next year, yesterday, tomorrow, last/next week, last/next summer и т. д.

1. We study six days a week. 2. I go to the institute every day. 3. My friend lives in a hostel. 4. Usually I get up at 7 o'clock. 5. My studies begin at half past eight. 6. We have four lectures every day. 7. After lectures we go to the dinning room. 8. We do our home­work for the next day. 9. At night I read and watch TV. 10. On Sunday I visit my friends.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте сказуемое в отрицательной форме.

1. Today our lectures begin at 10 o'clock in the morning. 2. We were school-children last year. 3. We had four entrance exams in summer. 4. Yesterday the first-year students saw the institute labo­ratories. 5. We took all the necessary books from the library. 6.1 got excellent marks for my entrance exams. 7. He knows the meaning of the word «engineering» (техника, машиностроение, инже­нерное дело). 8. The students of our group will meet in the labora­tory. 9. The librarian gave us all the necessary books.

Упражнение 5. А. Раскройте скобки, поставив общие вопросы.

1. (You do) ... anything interesting last weekend? 2. (He works) ...at the institute every day? 3. (They will come) ... to see you soon? 4. (We studied) ... at school last year? 5. (She will go) ... to the theatre next week? 6. (The students worked) ... in the labora­tory yesterday? 7. (Ann gets up) ... at 7 o'clock? 8. (There are) ... many laboratories at our institute? 9. (There were) ... many stu­dents at the lecture? 10. (There will be) ... a library in the new building? 11. (We have)... two lectures today? 12. (The book has) ... many diagrams? 13. (You had) ... four exams last semester?

В. Вставьте соответствующие вопросительные слова.

1. ... is your name? 2. ... doesn't understand this grammar rule? 3. ... of you studies French? 4. ... is the answer to my ques­tion? 5. ... do you live in Moscow? 6. ... were you born? 7. ... lec­tures you on mathematics? 8. ... do you study? 9. Here are the books. ... is yours? 10. ... knows the answer to this question?

Упражнение 6. Поставьте вопросы к каждому члену предложения и дайте отрицательную форму.

1. Не entered the Aviation Institute last year. 2. My sister stud­ies at the university. 3. The third-year students will have industrial training next summer.

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Упражнение 7. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

My University

There are many universities in Moscow. The head of a univer­sity is Rector. Usually there are several faculties in a university. Each faculty has a number of specialized departments and is headed by dean. The course of studies lasts (продолжается) 5—6 years.

The academic year in this country's higher schools begins on the 1-st of September and is divided into two terms (semesters). Students take exams at the end of each semester. If the results of the examinations are good, students get grants. Twice a year stu­dents have vacations — two weeks in winter and two months in summer.

My University has several buildings, old and new ones. There are many various laboratories. There is a very good library and a computer center in the main building.

Every faculty has its own specialized library, laboratories, workshops and computer centers.

The first- and second-year students study general engineering subjects (общетехнические предметы). In the third year students begin to study specialized subjects.

A very good tradition of our University is that theory is accom­panied by practical training. Students begin to work at the Univer­sity's well-equipped (хорошо оборудованный) laboratories and in senior years at various plants, design offices and research institutes of this country.

It is interesting but difficult to study at our University, espe­cially for the first-year students as they do not know yet how to or­ganize their work and time.

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения, поставьте их в вопросительной и, где возможно, в отрицательной форме.

1. The books are taken from the library. 2. He was asked to help one of our students. 3. Many newspapers and magazines are pub­lished in this country. 4. That problem was discussed at our meet­ing. 5. The diagrams were brought by our monitor. 6. The exams will be taken in January. 7. They were told to do their work quickly. 8. The study of theory is accompanied by practical training. 9. A new laboratory was opened last year. 10. We shall be given a new task tomorrow. 11. Every institute is headed by Rector. 12. In sum­mer you will be sent to a big plant for your industrial training.

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1. This work must be done quickly. 2. Many complex problems can be solved with the help of computers. 3. Lomonosov may be called the founder of higher education in Russia. 4. Books on this subject can be found in every library. 5. Many basic subjects must be studied by the first and second-year students.

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Упражнение 9. Переведите следующие производные слова:

глагол + tion = существительное to examine — проверять, экзаменовать -> examination —

экзамен to apply — применять, использовать -> application — применение, использование to educate — education; to adopt — adoption; to graduate — graduation; to specialize — specialization; to organize — organi­zation;

существительное + al = прилагательное education — образование -» educational —- образовательный industry — industrial; profession — professional; person — personal;

существительное + ic = прилагательное

science —- наука -» scientific — научный;

basis — основа -» basic — основной

прилагательное + ly = наречие high — высокий -» highly — высоко quick — quickly; usual — usually.

Упражнение 10. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

qualification, qualified ['kwolifaid], speciality [,speji 'aeliti], specialist, special, specialize, engineer [,end5i'ni9], serious ['sierias], adoption, style [stail], method ['meGed], distance, sys­tem, foundation, satellite ['saetelait], course [ko:s], instruction, mathematics [,maeQi'maetiks], physics ['fiziks], chemistry ['kemistri], history, economics, to concentrate ['konsentreit], bachelor ['baetfela], sport center, basic, exchange.

Упражнение 11. Прочитайте и запомните произношение следующих слов.

high [hai], higher education, highly-qualified, important [im'po:t9nt], provide [pra'vaid], development [development],

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process ['prauses], progress ['preugres], steadily ['stedili], enough [I'nAf], through [9ru:], thorough ['Элгэ], quality f'kwoliti], natural f'naetJYel], science ['saiens], scientist ['saientist], require [n'kwaie], curricula [ke'rikjule], foreign ['form], major ['meicfee], future ['fju:tje], further ['fe:6e], re­search [n'seitj"], enterprise ['entepraiz], know [neu], knowledge ['nolicfe], graduate ['graedjueit].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ

as conj — как; по мере того как, когда; так как, поскольку as well — так же affect v — влиять, воздейст­вовать на

become v — становиться consider v — считать, рас­сматривать, учитывать develop v — развивать, раз­рабатывать; преображать development n — развитие, разработка

enable v — давать возмож­ность

ensure v — обеспечивать, гарантировать especially adv — особенно

further a — дальнейший improve v — улучшать, совер­шенствовать

mean (meant) v — значить, оз­начать

means n — средство, способ number n — число, количество a number of — ряд, несколько prepare v — готовить, подго­тавливать

provide v — снабжать, обеспе­чивать

receive v — получать remain v — оставаться quality n — качество thorough a — основательный, доскональный, тщательный usually adv — обычно

to play a part — играть роль

to take into consideration — принимать

во внимание, в расчет

at present — в настоящее время

Text 1A Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Higher Education in Russia

Higher education plays an important part in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists

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for future development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors and other professional workers.

In all the industrial countries standards of living are steadily changing; this means that the kind of education, which was good enough thirty years ago, is not necessarily good for them today. The serious need to find ways and means of ensuring continuous and thorough adoption of the universities to contemporary needs in our rapidly changing world is widely recognized. And this means that styles of teaching, quality of learning materials¹ and organization of the university itself have to be continuously brought up to date² and improved.

Besides, knowledge and information which comes through the mass media must also be taken into consideration. This informa­tion explosion³ has affected every field of Study, especially, of course, in the natural and applied sciences and in all other sciences as well. The increase of information requires new methods and new approaches to students' training and instruction⁴.

At present a new system of education is introduced in this country — a distance education system. This computer system of learning helps working professionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs. This system enables people to get knowledge and a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or her field of study. Distance learning has developed over years⁵ from satellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through per­sonal computers.

The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). The first- and second-year students obtain thorough instructions in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, chemistry and drawing as well as computer engineering and a number of others. The curricula are enriched and broadened⁶ by instructions in such subjects as foreign languages, history and economics.

At the third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests, so to say, their «ma­jor» subject and take many courses in this subject. Specialized study and courses will help students to become specialists and prepare them for their future work.

After four years students will get a bachelor's degree. Then the students may go on with their studies and in a year or two of further study and research get a master's degree. After graduating from the university they may go on with their study and research and may get a still higher degree.

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About 75 percent of students receive state grants and 15 percent are sponsored by enterprises. Universities have their own students' hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centers.

Education is a process through which culture is preserved, knowledge and skills are developed, values are formed, and infor­mation is exchanged.

Education is the way to success.

Notes to the Text

1. learning materials — учебный материал

2. to bring up to date — довести до современных требований

3. information explosion — информационный взрыв

4. training and instruction — подготовка и обучение

5. over years — за многие годы

6. curricula are enriched and broadened — программы (курсы обучения) обогащаются и расширяются

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 12. Просмотрите упражнение 7 и текст 1А, ответьте на во­просы.