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In principle, scientific words have discrete meanings.
Ex: mercury: quicksilver
They appear as full synonyms because they say that their relationship is that of mutual inclusion (A-B)
Conceptually, the concept ‘mercury’ can be expressed with both words. However, style draws the line between both words. Native speakers and corpora of data give us what we have in the following figure:
Mercury: formal, quicksilver; scientific whitish; fluid informal; metal.
Mercury formal, scientific (Romance origin): Quicksilver informal (Saxon origin)
However something peculiar has happened with this words. The popular word ‘quicksilver’ is starting to disappear and what usually happens is that the formal words are the one that disappears. But in this case, it is the contrary.
Cigarette: fag
Cigarette fag
Tube with
General tobacco in slang’
It for smoking’ ‘narrow, made of finely cut tobacco rolled in thin paper’
This figure contains not only CC but typical attributes too.
CONCLUSION
3.1 SUMMARY TO THE WHOLE WORK
So, the conclusion is that some words of a language don’t lend themselves well to the analysis in terms of semantic fields. Other important idea is the difficulty of finding finite sets of words. In any case, there’s an internal contradiction between the ideas of a set with the structuring of words of a language. A set is a close set. A word can belong to several fields depending on the organizing concept. Speakers of the language clearly identify the central example but not the peripheral ones. This doesn’t mean that it would never happen that. The degree of flexibility in the discrepancy of the categorization of words is smaller.
Ex: Please give me some more tables (‘Table’ is here a mass noun meaning ‘space in a table’).
E.G. Two races are grown in India. Here two races’ refers to ‘two types of rice’
The idea behind this is that the dynamic character of a vocabulary cannot be reflected in the static character of the semantic fields, which are a static way of organizing the vocabulary of a language.
3.2 WAYS OF APPLYING THE WORK
Having analyzed the problem of synonymy in Modern English we could do the following conclusions:
a) The problem of synonymy in Modern English is very actual nowadays.
b) There are several kinds of analysis of synonyms: semantical, stylistic and componentional.
c) A number of famous linguists dealt with the problem of synonymy in Modern English. In particular, Profs. Ullmann and Broal emphasized the social reasons for synonymy, L. Lipka pointed out non-binary contrast or many-member lexical sets and gave the type which he called directional opposition, V.N. Comissarov and Walter Skeat proved the link of synonymy with other kinds of lexical devices.
d) The problem of synonymy is still waits for its detail investigation.
Having said about the perspectives of the work we hope that this work will find its worthy way of applying at schools, lyceums and colleges of high education by both teachers and students of English. We also express our hopes to take this work its worthy place among the lexicological works dedicated to synonymy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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31. Internet:http://www.freeessays.com/english/E.Cruse Quantiitive and Qualitive synonymy.htm
1 Ginzburg R.S. et al. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. M., 1979 pp.72-82
2 Arnold I.V. The English Word M. High School 1986 pp. 143-149
3 Jespersen ,Otto. Growth and Structure of the English Language. Oxford, 1982 pp.246-249
4 Smirnitsky A.I. Synonyms in English M.1977 pp.57-59,89-90
5 Canon G. Historical Changes and English Wordformation: New Vocabulary items. N.Y., 1986. p.284
6 Bloomsbury Dictionary of New Words. M. 1996 стр.276-278
7 Виноградов В. В. Лексикология и лексикография. Избранные труды. М. 1977 стр 119-122
8 Akhmanova O.S. Lexicology: Theory and Method. M. 1972 pp. 59-66
9 Abayev V.I. Synonyms and their Semantical Features T. O’qituvchi 1981 pp. 4-5, 8, 26-29
10 “World Book Encyclopedia S part” Macmillan Publisher 1996 p 134
11 Maurer D.W. , High F.C. New Words - Where do they come from and where do they go. American Speech., 1982.p.171
