ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО УЗЛА ПРИ УСЛОВИИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИНАЛА «СУХОЙ ПОРТ» (Организация работы мультимодального транспортного узла при условии функционирования терминала сухой порт), страница 13

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3

Раздел ____Глава 1___________

Номер раздела

Теоретические основы организации транспортного узла при условии функционирования терминала «сухой порт»

Заголовок раздела

Студент гр. МН - 2 ________ А.А.Филиппова

Номер группы (подпись)

________

(дата)

Консультант по иностранному языку кафедры «Иностранные языки и межкультурная коммуникация»

(название кафедры)

Старший преподаватель ________ Н.А.Чэ

(должность, ученая степень, звание) (подпись)

________

(дата)

1 THE THEORETICAL BASIS of ORGANIZING the OPERATION of the

TRANSPORT HUB ON CONDITION THAT the “DRY PORT” TERMINAL FUNCTIONS

1.1 Multimodal transport hub: the concept, the basic types, and the advantages

One of the most important tasks for modernization of the Russian transport system is the problem of providing the coordinated work of all modes of transport.

Multimodal transport hubs are able to provide transportation work to the requirements of the relevant International Standards. That means the attraction of additional cargo, an increase of budget revenues, and positioning Russia as the world's largest transport power.

Multimodality means that the carriage of goods involves several modes of transport: rail, road, air, sea, and river. However, only participation of several modes of transport does not allow talking about multimodal transportation. To ensure this condition, it is necessary that cargo transportation process include the whole complex of measures on transshipment, warehousing, insurance, maintenance of goods safety, information provision,and others. An important factor here is the availability of a common multimodal transport operator. Multimodal transport systems allow achieving a number of advantages in comparison with the conventional transport systems:

• It allows achieving the optimization of using the vehicles and transport infrastructure. It gives wide opportunities for the integrated use of the various modes of transport.

• It ensures effective control over the passage of goods and its safety.

• It provides an opportunity to use new transport technologies.

• It allows creating the favorable conditions for developing competition between the domestic and foreign carriers.

• Shippers work with one operator who ensures the whole process of the“from door to door”delivery for different transport modes.

• Reduction of cargo delivery time;

• Reduction of transportation, storage, and handling costs for cargo transportation;

• Development of transport and warehouse infrastructure allows involvingboth the additional domestic and foreign investments;

• It gives a possibility to increase tax revenues for the federal budget, the budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation, and local budgets;

• Development of information technology industry; besides, hubs operate as service centers;

• It provides more ecologically clean operation of the transport complex.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, there are several major transportation centers which have already being actively developed as multimodal transport hubs.

Considering the system of multimodal transport hubs in Russia, the two types of sites can be identified. The first ones are the largest nodes - the nodes of the international and federal level. The zone of their influence extends to the major economic regions - Siberia, the Far East, the Urals, Volga region, Central Russia, South Russia, and North-West Russia. Thesenodes correspond to the seven federal districts.

Multimodal transport hubs of the federal importance are formed in the centers of really the largest economic regions of the Russian Federation.This center should have a well-developed transport infrastructure.

It is necessary that the node was able to operationally implement the cargo delivery within the area of its influence in the direct, intermodal, and multimodal communications.Furthermore, such a center to be a multimodal transportation hub of federal importancemust have fairly well developed warehouse and terminal facilities that can receive and process cargo not only for the region where it is located, but also for all the economic area, the federal district. There should be a developed network of insurance companies and banks that could be able to provide the required services throughout the zone of influence of this node for both consignors and consignees and for transport and storage companies. It includes insurance of cargo and passengers, pursuit of the business in case of maturing on insurance payments, loans and credits for the transport and storage infrastructure modernization [7].

It is necessary that this center have rather big companies - transport operators that are able to take over the functions of a unified multimodal transport operator within the zone of influence of the federal multi-modal transport hub in the future.

Also, the important condition is the availability of educational institutions that are capable of preparing the qualified personnel for organizing the multimodal transport.

The multimodal transport hubs of the federal importance act asthe international multimodal transport hubs because they encompass the international flow of goods coming from abroad for the whole economic region (the Federal District). They are nodal pointsthat allow them to gather the information, monitor, and control the flow of international transit of goods including containers, and provide a full range of services for cargo data as long as they are in the zone of influence within the multi-modal transportation hub of the federal importance.

Nowadays in the Russian Federation, several multi-modal transport nodes of the federal level have been formed and continue developing. They are Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod (Samara), Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, and Vladivostok.

Thus, in the Russian Federation appears a harmonious system of multimodal transport hubs of the federal and international importance connected not only with each other, but also with the regional multimodal transport hubs.Such system of the multimodal transport hubs allows organizing fast and reliable delivery of goods across the territory of Russia including the "door to door" technology. It allows the transit cargoes and containers to pass within the required timeframe and in compliance with the international requirements for quality of delivery and safety of cargoes.

1.2 Analysis ofthe existing problems in organizing the multimodal transportation. “Dry Port” terminal is a possible way to solve them.

The specifics of the Russian transport system determines the leading role of the railways in providing foreign trade transportation since they account for about half of the import and export shipments, the majority of which are carried out through the sea and river ports. It is presented in Table 1. The foreign trade goods account for almost 95% of total Russian cargo transshipment through the ports. 5% remains on the goods carried in the coastal traffic.

Table 1 - Dynamics of transshipment of foreign trade and coastal Russian cargoes, mln. tons

Fig. 1 - Dynamics of change of the volume of handling the cargoesin the Russian ports in 2002 - 2015, mln tons.

The analysis of the trends in the volume of transshipment of foreign cargoes at the ports from 2002 till 2015 is graphically presented in Figure 1; it shows that there is steady growth in traffic volumes of export cargoes in the mixed traffic through the ports. The share of traffic through the ports has doubled from 250.3 million. tons in 2002 to 673.8 million. tons in 2015.

The cargo turnover at the Russian seaports in 2015 increased compared to 2002 by 3.9% and amounted to 589.0 million tons. The Baltic Sea ports havethe largest share: the cargo handling volume rose by 4.1% to 215.8 million tons. In the Far Eastern basin,the cargo handling increased by 7.8% -to 144.8 million tons.