EXAM_2014 (Экзамен по английскому языку на сертификат B2 за курс бакалавриата), страница 3

More than just a pretty face?

There are many stories of dolphins helping people, (0) _such_ as saving swimmers from shark attacks by gathering round them or shepherding them to safety. (1) ___________ these stories are true, are dolphins really the good guys of the deep, always ready to extend a flipper toward humans (2) _______________ distress? Why do they do it and (3) _______________ makes them behave in that way? (4) _____________ dolphins help us because they like us? Scientists (5) __________________ have studied them are not entirely sure. For dolphins to act together to save humans implies some sort of code of ethics (6) _______________ the animals share, and there is little or (7) _____________ evidence for that. The (8) _______________ likely explanation is that they instinctively respond to the appearance of predators like sharks by herding weaker members of their own group into (9) _______________ safe place – and there is proof that dolphins do cooperate with (10) ______________ other to ward off danger. Maybe they just mistake swimmers for part of their group. This explanation would contradict the suggestion that dolphins have genuine feelings of kindness towards humans. (11) _______________ may be that their smiling appearance gives people a romantic idea of their nature, but whatever (12) _____________ truth is, people remain fascinated by stories of rescue.

PART 3 – For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals in the second column to form a word that fits in the gap of the same number. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1.

Lose your bottle! There have been many food fads over the years driven by (0)_snobbery_ or fuelled by supermarket advertising campaigns. But amongst them, promoting bottled water is probably the most (1)_____________ . Given the luxury of cheap, clean, cold water on tap, many choose instead to pay vast sums for the very same substance, (2)______________ taken from Hawaiian springs or Icelandic glaciers and then shipped thousands of miles in tine plastic bottles to supermarket shelves. Aside from the (3)___________ damage that all those (4)________________ journeys must be doing to the planet, I wonder how many of the advertised health benefits (5)________________ remain when the water has been standing in the plastic bottles for months before a (6) ______________________ goes into a shop and buys it? (7)_____________________ , it’s a ludicrous fashion that shows little sign of disappearing. It is claimed that there are over 3,000 brands of bottled water in the world and in some food (8)______________ you can even find detailed guides to different types of bottled water, along with tasting notes and (9)___________ about what to eat with each one! Surely instead of being drawn into this trend that many might regard as (10)____________ as well as stupid, we should simply aim at providing clean, drinkable water for everyone?

SNOB RIDICULE ALLEGE ECOLOGY END ACTUAL CONSUME FORTUNATE PUBLISH RECOMMEND ETHIC

PART 4 – For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1.

Example:

1. A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town.

driven

We were driven into town by a very friendly taxi driver.

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. ‘Where do you work now, Sue?’ asked Pete.

know

Pete wanted………………………………………………………………………now.

1. My views on this subject are exactly the same as yours.

difference

There ……………………………………………..my views on this subject and yours.

1. I don’t know why Edward left the classes so suddenly.

made

I don’t know ………………………………………………… the classes so suddenly.

1. David went home before we arrived.

had

When we ………………………………………………………………………..home.

1. I came here so that I could see you.

to

I ………………………………………………………………………………… you.

1. I think you should sell the car.

I’d

If I ……………………………………………………………………………..the car.

1. It was unnecessary for you to come early today, but you did.

have

You …………………………………………………………………come early today.

1. If you drive faster, it is more dangerous.

the

The …………………………………………………………………….dangerous it is.

Listening

PART 1 - You will hear five different students talking about studying at university. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-F) what is true about each student. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1.

A This student’s course includes more than one subject. B This student wants to move to a different university. C This student is unhappy with the course they have chosen. D This student’s course involves practical work experience. E This student was pleasantly surprised. F This student wants to live somewhere else.

Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5

PART 2 - You will hear part of a lecture about a problem related to the behaviour of certain sea creatures. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Write no more than two words for each answer. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1.

Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins Mass strandings: situations where groups of whales, dolphins, etc. swim onto the beach and die. Common in areas where the (1) ________________________ can change quickly Several other theories: Parasites e.g. some parasites can affect marine animals’ (2) _____________________ , which they depend on for navigation. Toxins Poisons from (3) ____________________ or ___________________ are commonly consumed by whales. e.g. Cape Cod (1988) – whales were killed by saxitoxin Accidental Strandings Animals may follow prey ashore, e.g. Thurston (1995) Unlikely because the majority of animals were not (4) _____________________ when they stranded Human Activity (5) ______________________ from military tests are linked to some recent strandings The Bahamas (2000) stranding was unusual because the whales were all (6) ___________________ were not in (7) _______________________ Group Behaviour More strandings in the most (8) _______________________ species of whales 1994 dolphin stranding – only the (9) ______________________ was ill Further Reading Marine Mammals Ashore (Connor) – gives information about stranding (10) ___________________

PART 3 - You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1.

1. You hear part of an interview on the radio. Who is being interviewed?

1. an inventor

2. a journalist

3. a businesswoman

1. A man speaks to you in the street. What does he want you to do?

1. give him directions

2. answer some questions

3. donate some money

1. You overhear a woman talking about the birds which come to her garden. How does she feel about them?

1. She enjoys watching them.

2. She finds them annoying.

3. She worries about them.

1. You hear part of a television programme about zebras. What does the presenter say about their appearance?

1. All members of a family of zebras have the same stripes.

2. Zebras can recognize each other by their stripes.

3. Male and female zebras have similar stripes.

1. You hear a woman giving part of a lecture about animal rights. What does she say about zoos?

1. They are no longer necessary in modern times.

2. They should be closely supervised.

3. They should only be for endangered species.

1. You hear a young woman talking about some animals she worked with. How did she feel when she was with them?

1. frightened

2. relaxed

3. strange

1. You hear part of a radio programme in which a man talks about how he was attacked by hippopotamus. What does he say about hippos?

1. They are one of the most dangerous animals in Africa.

2. They often attack people for no reason.

3. They’re usually very timid animals.

1. You hear someone talking on the radio. What is the programme about?

1. saving the environment

2. using energy

3. studying natural history