СИНЕРГИЯ Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности Тест 100 баллов 2024 год

СИНЕРГИЯ Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности (Темы 3-4 Итоговый тест)

МТИ МосТех МосАП МФПУ Синергия Тест оценка ОТЛИЧНО

2024 год

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Результат – 100 баллов

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Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитиемикроэлектроники)

Тема 4. What is an operating system (Что такое операционная система)

1. “Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than E. g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

2. … created the first operating system for the IBM 701

3. … integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

4. … was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language

5. A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware … various activities

6. Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:

7. Because of the expense, the system’s productivity had to be increased … cost effectiveness

8. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948

9. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the bipolar transistor in …

10. Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

11. Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

12. Identify the sequence of generations of computers (by their description):

13. Match the abbreviations and transcripts:

14. Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:

15. Match the names of operating systems with their descriptions:

16. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 … on a chip but fewer than approximately 200 (MSI)

17. Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share

18. Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development

19. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”

20. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”

21. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”

22. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”

23. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”

24. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”

25. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “There was no such thing when the first computers (develop) … following WWII”

26. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Wireless network connectivity (also manage) … by mobile operating systems”

27. Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

28. The …, which was introduced in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable

29. The advent of ways for creating the numerous functional units on a crystal of semiconductor materials was critical to the development of …

30. The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …

31. The description of the generation of computers is down below: “Computers of this generation appeared, when IBM introduced the System/360, a line of software-compatible computers with varying levels of capability and pricE. Because the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other”. Which generation of computers is described in the text?

32. The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

33. The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …

34. The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

35. The introduction of time-sharing systems, in particular, has long been regarded as a watershed moment in the evolution of … systems

36. The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society

37. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics

38. The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

39. The type of operating system that is not directly linked to the computer is the … operating system

40. There are some of the potential benefits of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)