Презентация: Difficulty of creation: Gamma-ray laser

О гамма-лазере и основных сложностях его создания

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Примерный текст:

As you know, the principle of laser operation is based on stimulated emission.
in order to realize stimulated emission, we need an environment in which there are more atoms with electrons at the upper energy level than at the lower one. In general, it can be called for different wavelengths. However, there are difficulties with gamma-ray quantum.

Visible light quanta have very little energy compared to the mass of atomic nuclei. Therefore, the nuclei almost do not shift when a photon is emitted. Gamma quanta have significantly more energy (from 100KeV and more). When a gamma-ray quantum is emitted, the atomic nucleus acquires a noticeable pulse. Thus, the gamma quantum has less energy than the energy of the excited state of the atom and no stimulated emission occurs. In order for stimulated emission to occur, it is necessary that the isotopes themselves move towards gamma quanta. That is, it is necessary to move the substance itself, in which the stimulated emission occurs. This phenomenon is called the Mossbauer effect. As of 2019, the Mossbauer effect was observed in 87 isotopes of 46 elements.

But there is another problem. The localization precision of photon is comparable to the wavelength. Therefore, it is very small for gamma quanta. This leads to the fact that the probability that a gamma quantum will cause the emission of another gamma quantum is too small, and when it hits an atom, the gamma quantum is simply absorbed.

Forced gamma-ray radiation can be obtained if the medium is very strongly ionized plasma. For example, if a steel rod is turned into plasma by a nuclear explosion, it is possible to observe the stimulated emission of gamma quanta for several nanoseconds. However, the gamma laser in the usual sense is now only an idea.