🔥 База ответов на ВСЕ тесты по Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности. Психология СИНЕРГИЯ 🔥

Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving conducted a series of experiments to find out which of the three types of encoding would give the best memory of … information.

The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as … and observations to obtain quantitative data. Group averages are statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.

The major psychology approaches are the following … (Select 3 correct answers):

Human … is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. It is driven by genetic and environmental factors that affect an individual.

The model of human …, called Atkinson-Shiffrin:

Parental and … conflicts have been tied to the development of asthma.

Freud s experiments in … gave rise to his “dream theory”.

Read the text and answer the question below: Tina loves listening to music, because music inspires her to create new stories through images that she sees in her head at that time. Question: How would you describe the process that is happening to Tina?

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a … degree in psychology.

Read the text below and answer the question: Jurors place a lot of weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several eyewitnesses have been called to testify against your client. Question: What would you tell the jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony?

… is a type of communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to words, are used to express or convey information.

… describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets.

… might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder would be helpful.

Arthur Jensen believed that …:

It probably required a lot of work and attention on your part in order to encode that information. This is known as ….

IQ stands for … and describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence.

… represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retina. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for spatial.

When people are … they avert their gaze, which means they move their head down and to the side, exposing their neck.

In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an adequate creativity criterion.

… means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent.

Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 correct answers):

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as ….

Even this early in the … system, retinal neurons are processing some of the information, turning it into something useful for the later neurons.

People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed …

There are also … processes. It’s easier to see what you expect to see, and the mind is constantly guessing at what will come next, and priming early visual areas to make seeing those things easier to do.

There are three types of encoding. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as … encoding.

… refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. It involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.

The following is usually stated about psychologists involved in personality assessment (Select 3 correct answers):

The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ….

… intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.

Read the text and answer the question: John is in the seventh grade at school. His parents motivate him with money and gifts. For every good mark John gets money. Question: How can you explain this situation?

Read the text below and answer the question: You are a practicing psychologist who prefers to focus on the individual and emphasize the unique personal experience of human nature. You understand the need for general laws but it’s not something that you pursue in your practice. Question: What is the name of your approach?

Read the text below and answer the question: David’s brain was damaged after a car crash. Now David often needs help to reach objects and can’t define how far they are from him, so his wife helps him to get things he wants. Question: What brain area was damaged in the car crash?

… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.

We express … when we feel physically or psychologically threatened. This facial expression is often confused with surprise. But when we’re surprised, our eyes open wider, and our mouth isn’t pulled sideways.

… is one way in which people can reset their biological clocks.

… is another name for short-term memory.

… involves the raising of the upper lip, and the bridge of the nose wrinkles. We express it about things that make us sick, not those about which we’re derisive or suspicious.

The studies of creative people suggest the following number of components of creativity:

… processing, done in the posterior parietal lobe, near the top of the brain, deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space — either objects in space, or where the parts of a single object are in relation to each other.

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ….

The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.

If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. This is known as …, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.

When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your … intelligence.

Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in … thinking.

These fields of psychology are most commonly practised in everyday life. (Select 2 correct answers);

The following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school.

One would need at least a(n) … degree to serve as a school psychologist.

An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ….

“V1” is …

One of the first places image information goes is called visual … one that is located in the back of the brain.

… perspective argues that the nervous system, glands and hormones, and genetic factors influence our behaviour.

… processing deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space.

An example of a ‘love and belonging’ level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is …

… thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.

Read the text below and answer the question: Ruby is a clever girl, but she has trouble building relationships with other people. Sometimes she hurts others’ feelings and doesn’t understand why they are getting offended. Last month her friend’s (Thomas) uncle died and Ruby
didn’t support Thomas and told him he hadn’t even loved his uncle and always talked nasty about him. They quarreled and Ruby didn’t understand why, after all she just had stated facts. Question: What is Ruby’s key obstacle to making new friends and maintaining relationships with existing ones?

Read the text below and answer the question: Suppose you are walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened. Question: What is your interpretation, according to the theory?

The … approach focuses on understanding individuals in their unique context.

Read the text below and answer the question: You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test. Your roommate asks you to explain why you think this is a good idea. Question: What do you tell her?

Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?

… refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

… created cognitive-mediational theory.

… is a brain-scanning method that scientists use to “decode” activity in the visual cortex to know what a person was looking at in terms of line orientation, position, and even what the object was.

Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories of things are…

The concept of mental imagery was developed …

This scientist has spent his career looking at the structure and specific aspects of RNA molecules and how their interactions could help produce antibiotics and ward off diseases:

Ochse s theory was developed in …

“Top-down processes” stands for …

… processing, done in the inferior temporal lobe, near the bottom of the brain, deals with shape, depth, color, intensity, and object recognition.

Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.

An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.

The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.

The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek word “idios” meaning “own” or “private.” Psychologists interested in this aspect of … want to discover what makes each of us unique.

" … affect" refers to one s propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life s challenges in a positive way.

Match linking words and phrases with their use cases:
A. Because
B. Also
C. Nevertheless
D. As a consequence
E. Reason
F. Addition
G. Contrast
H. Result

Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory and … memory.

According to your reading, nearly … of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obese.

The types of imagination are … (select 3 correct answers):

Behaviorists studied objectively observable … partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.

Name one part of the brain which is responsible for memory: …

Choose three right antithetical traits often present in creative people (Select 3 correct answers):

Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

1. the value
2. of
3. IQ testing
4. is
5. most
6. evident
7. in
8. educational
9. or
10. clinical settings

Match the words to create phrases:
A. individual
B. environment
C. reciprocal
D. social
E. situational
F. differences
G. factors
H. determinism
I. learning theory
J. context

Match the theories with their descriptions:
A. Humanistic theory of personality development
B. Observational Learning
C. Levels of consciousness
D. Rogers developed client-centered therapy (later re-named ‘person-centered’), which was a non- directive therapy, allowing clients to deal with what they considered important, at their own pace. This method involves removing obstacles so the client can move forward, freeing him or her for normal growth and development.
E. Bandura’s key contribution to learning theory was the idea that much learning is vicarious. We learn by observing someone else’s behavior and its consequences. He felt that this type of learning also plays a part in the development of our personality. Just as we learn individual behaviors, we learn new behavior patterns when we see them performed by other people or models.
F. Freud compared the mind to an iceberg. He said that only about one-tenth of our mind is conscious, and the rest of our mind is unconscious. Our unconscious refers to that mental activity of which we are unaware and are unable to access. According to Freud, unacceptable urges and desires are kept in our unconscious through a process called repression.

Match the components of Freud’s theory with the corresponding phrases:
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. “I have just decided to do that right now!”
E. “Maybe we can find a compromise”.
F. “I think it is not right to do that”.

Read the text below and answer the question:Steve didn t learn the material during the school year. Now he is sure that on the last night he will be able to learn everything. Question: What do you think?

… refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.

… is not a dimension of job burnout:

It seems that their energy is internally generated, due more to their focused minds than to the superiority of their …

Match the stages of memory and their descriptions:
A. Short-term memory (STM)
B. Sensory memory
C. Long-term memory (LTM)
D. a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
E. a storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes
F. a continuous storage of information

Match the beginnings and the endings of the words:
A. Black-
B. Un-
C. Chat-
D. Vir-
E. -mail
F. -moderated
G. -ter
H. -tual

Match the terms with their descriptions:
A. Introduction
B. Methods
C. Results
D. Conclusions
E. Overview of the topic
F. Research questions
G. Answers to research questions
H. Summary of main findings

Match the terms with their characteristics:
A. Beta-endorphin
B. Dopamine
C. Serotonin
D. Pain, pleasure
E. Mood, sleep, learning
F. Mood, sleep

… was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology.

Put the following sentences in the right order:

1. Analytical intelligence is closely aligned with academic problem solving and computations.
2. Sternberg says that analytical intelligence is demonstrated by an ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast.
3. When reading a classic novel for literature class, for example, it is usually necessary to compare the motives of the main characters of the book or analyze the historical context of the story.
4. In a science course such as anatomy, you must study the processes by which the body uses various minerals in different human systems.
5. In developing an understanding of this topic, you are using analytical intelligence.
6. When solving a challenging math problem, you would apply analytical intelligence to analyze different aspects of the problem and then solve it section by section.

Match the terms and their definitions:
A. Bias
B. Engram
C. Blocking
D. Construction
E. Absentmindedness
F. how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events
G. physical trace of memory
H. memory error in which you cannot access stored information
I. formulation of new memories
J. lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else

Read the description below and answer the question: This person is extremely bright, often relying more on facts than feelings. They prefer to think in a more logical and analytical way. Question: What is this person’s emotional type?

Read the text below and answer the question: Sarah wants to be a psychologist. Her parents are against Sarah s decision. They want Sarah to study medicine. Sarah is upset and doesn t know what to do. Question: What should Sarah do?

Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: Why do people react differently in similar situations?