Метран-400 (985211), страница 2
Текст из файла (страница 2)
Ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev jZkoh^Z ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby jZkoh^Z l_iehghkbl_ey\ih^Zxs_fbh[jZlghfljm[hijh\h^Zol_ieh\hck_lbZlZd`_\hl^_evguoljm[hijh\h^Zog_\oh^ysbo\g__\bfimevkguc\uoh^ghckb]gZe L_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_eb ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey baf_j_gby l_fi_jZlmju l_iehghkbl_ey1.>Zlqbd^Z\e_gbyij_^gZagZq_g^eyij_h[jZah\Zgby^Z\e_gbyl_iehghkbl_ey\klZg^Zjlguclhdh\uc\uoh^ghckb]gZebebf:^bklZgpbhgghci_j_^Zqb.1.2.6 <uqbkebl_evij_^gZagZq_g^eyij_h[jZah\Zgby\uoh^guokb]gZeh\ki_j\bqguokj_^kl\baf_j_gbc\^_ckl\bl_evgu_agZq_gbyiZjZf_ljh\l_iehghkbl_ey\uqbke_gby dhebq_kl\Z l_ieh\hc wg_j]bb b fZkku l_iehghkbl_ey Z lZd`_ ^ey Zjob\bjh\Zgby bojZg_gby j_amevlZlh\ \uqbke_gbc b baf_j_gbc \ wg_j]hg_aZ\bkbfhc iZfylb b i_j_^Zqbbod\g_rgbfmkljhckl\Zfijbgl_jdhfivxl_j^eyj_]bkljZpbbgZ`_kldhfghkbl_e_KljmdlmjZmkeh\gh]hh[hagZq_gbykq_lqbdZijb\_^_gZ\ijbeh`_gbb;Ijbf_jaZibkbmkeh\gh]hh[hagZq_gbykq_lqbdZijb_]haZdZa_b\^hdmf_glZpbb^jm]hcijh^mdpbb\dhlhjhchgfh`_l[ulvijbf_g_gkq_lqbd l_ieZ k \uqbkebl_evguf mkljhckl\hf L<F ^ey hldjulhc kbkl_fu l_ieh--kgZ[`_gby k ^bZf_ljZfb mkeh\gh]h ijhoh^Z ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c jZkoh^Z F_ljZgIJgZ ih^Zxs_f ljm[hijh\h^_ ff gZ h[jZlghf ff k dhgljhe_f ^Z\e_gby \ ih^Zxs_f b h[jZlghf ljm[hijh\h^Zo ^ZlqbdZfb ^Z\e_gby k ij_^_eZfb baf_j_gby b1,0 FIZ b ^bZiZahghf \uoh^gh]h kb]gZeZ f: k nZdlbq_kdbfb ^bZf_ljZfb ljm[hijh\h^h\ih^Zxs_]hffh[jZlgh]hffbih^iblhqgh]hffF_ljZg;LMKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl7OZjZdl_jbklbdb Kqzlqbd ih f_ljheh]bq_kdbf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf khhl\_lkl\m_l deZkkm <ih=HKLJKq_lqbdh[_ki_qb\Z_lbaf_j_gb_dhebq_kl\Zl_ieZ\kbkl_fZo\h^ygh]hl_iehkgZ[`_gbyijbjZkoh^Zol_iehghkbl_ey\khhl\_lkl\bbklZ[ebp_cLZ[ebpZGZbf_gh\Zgb_ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyjZkoh^ZF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJF_ljZgIJ>bZf_ljmkeh\gh]hijhoh^Zljm[hijh\h^Z>mff25325080100150200250300Ij_^_eubaf_j_gbyjZkoh^Z,f3qFghfFminFmax92050120200400700140020007,5 0,1812,5 0,2525,0 0,4060,0 1,00100,0 1,50200,0 5,00350,0 6,00840,0 12,001200,0 18,00Bkiheg_gbyij_h[jZah\Zl_eyjZkoh^Zihp_g_bfimevkZbkiheg_gb_bkiheg_gb_>ebl_ev P_gZ>ebl_evP_gZghklvfk f3/bfi ghklvfkf3/bfi0,0010,0100,01106 ± 40,1000,10256 ± 41,00>eyij_^hl\jZs_gbydZ\blZpbbbh[_ki_q_gbyjZ[hlhkihkh[ghklbij_h[jZah\Zl_eyijbjZkoh^_Fba[ulhqgh_^Z\e_gb_`b^dhklbJgZjZkklhygbb>mgb`_ij_h[jZah\Zl_ey^he`gh[ulvg_f_g__\uqbke_ggh]hihnhjfme_:P ≥ 3⋅∆P+1,3⋅Pgi(t),(1.1)]^_3±ba[ulhqgh_^Z\e_gb_\ljm[hijh\h^_gZjZkklhygbb>mgb`_ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyFIZd]kkf2);Pgi(t^Z\e_gb_gZkus_gguoiZjh\`b^dhklbijb__nZdlbq_kdhcl_fi_jZlmj_t, FIZd]kkf2);∆J±ihl_jb^Z\e_gbygZij_h[jZah\Zl_e_ijbjZkoh^_F, FIZ (d]kkf2).Ijb agZqbl_evghc ]ZahgZkus_gghklb baf_jy_fhc kj_^u lj_[m_fh_ ^Z\e_gb_ Jfh`_lij_\urZlvagZq_gb_\uqbke_ggh_kh]eZkghnhjfme_Ihl_jy^Z\e_gby`b^dhklb∆JgZij_h[jZah\Zl_e_ijbjZ[hq_fjZkoh^_)g_ij_\urZ_l0,02·(F/Fghf)2 FIZ^eyij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c>m>mff0,03·(F/ Fghf)2 FIZ^eyij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c>m>mff<b^l_iehghkbl_eyoheh^gZyb]hjyqZyk_l_\Zy\h^ZihKGbIKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl8>bZiZahgl_fi_jZlmjl_iehghkbl_ey\ih^Zxs_fbh[jZlghfljm[hijh\h^Zohl^h°KJZaghklvl_fi_jZlmjl_iehghkbl_ey\ih^Zxs_fbh[jZlghfljm[hijh\h^Zog_f_g__°KL_fi_jZlmjZoheh^ghc\h^u\ih^iblhqghfljm[hijh\h^_hl^h°K>Z\e_gb_l_iehghkbl_ey\ih^Zxs_fh[jZlghfbih^iblhqghfljm[hijh\h^Zo^hFIZd]kf2).1.3.8 Ih aZijhkm hi_jZlhjZ \uqbkebl_ev \u\h^bl gZ ^bkie_c agZq_gby baf_jy_fuobZjob\bjm_fuoiZjZf_ljh\\ke_^mxs_fh[t_f_• dhebq_kl\hl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbgZjZklZxsbfblh]hf• l_ieh\mxfhsghklv• \j_fyjZ[hlukfhf_glZ\dexq_gby• l_fi_jZlmjml_iehghkbl_ey\ljm[hijh\h^Zo• jZaghklvl_fi_jZlmj\ih^Zxs_fbh[jZlghfljm[hijh\h^Zo• jZkoh^l_iehghkbl_ey\ljm[hijh\h^Zo• gZdhie_ggmxfZkkml_iehghkbl_ey\ljm[hijh\h^_• ^Z\e_gb_l_iehghkbl_ey\ljm[hijh\h^_• agZq_gb_dh^ZkZfh^bZ]ghklbdb1.3<uqbkebl_evh[_ki_qb\Z_lgZdhie_gb_bojZg_gb_\Zjob\Zo^ZgguojZkq_lguobebbaf_j_gguoiZjZf_ljh\ihqZkZf^gyfbf_kypZf IZjZf_lju k\yab k \g_rgbfb mkljhckl\Zfb i_jkhgZevguc dhfivxl_jijbgl_j^j1.3.10.1 L_iehwg_j]hdhgljhee_j LWDHG ± h[_ki_qb\Z_l k\yav k \g_rgbfb mkljhckl\Zfb ih ihke_^h\Zl_evguf bgl_jn_ckZf lbiZ BJIK lhdh\Zy i_ley f:RS232, RS beb fh^_f ih dhffmlbjm_fhc ebgbb LWDHG h[_ki_qb\Z_l \u\h^ bgnhjfZpbbgZijbgl_j1.3.10.2 L_ieh\uqbkebl_evBFh[_ki_qb\Z_lk\yavk\g_rgbfbmkljhckl\Zfbihihke_^h\Zl_evgufbgl_jn_ckZflbiZRS232, RS485.1.3.10.3 L_ieh\uqbkebl_ev L<F h[_ki_qb\Z_l k\yav k i_jkhgZevguf dhfivxl_jhfEpsonkh\f_klbfufijbgl_jhffh^_fhfq_j_aZ^Zil_jm^Ze_ggh]h^hklmiZihbgl_jn_ckmRS232.KI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl91.3.10.4 L_ieh\uqbkebl_evKILh[_ki_qb\Z_lk\yavk\g_rgbfbmkljhckl\Zfbih ihke_^h\Zl_evguf bgl_jn_ckZf RS232, RS Z lZd`_ q_j_a hilbq_kdbc ihjl \klZg^Zjl_IECKILh[_ki_qb\Z_l\u\h^bgnhjfZpbbgZijbgl_j1.3.10.5 L_ieh\uqbkebl_evKILh[_ki_qb\Z_lk\yavk\g_rgbfbmkljhckl\Zfbihihke_^h\Zl_evghfmbgl_jn_ckmRSKILh[_ki_qb\Z_l\u\h^bgnhjfZpbbgZijbgl_jIj_^_eu^himkdZ_fhchkgh\ghchlghkbl_evghcih]j_rghklbbaf_j_gbydhebq_kl\Zl_iehluijbjZkoh^Zoij_\urZxsbo⋅ Fghfijb\_^_gu\lZ[ebp_LZ[ebpZJZaghklvl_fi_jZlmj\ih^Zxs_fbh[jZlghfljm[hijh\h^_∆t, °KIj_^_eu^himkdZ_fhchkgh\ghchlghkbl_evghcih]j_rghklbδQ, %5 ≤ ∆t < 10±510 ≤ ∆t ≤ 20±4∆t > 20±3Ij_^_eu^himkdZ_fhchkgh\ghchlghkbl_evghcih]j_rghklbbaf_j_gbydhebq_kl\Zl_iehluijbjZkoh^Zof_g__⋅Fghfij_\urZxlgZagZq_gbymdZaZggu_\lZ[ebp_ Ij_^_e ^himkdZ_fhc hlghkbl_evghc ih]j_rghklb baf_j_gby fZkku l_iehghkbl_eyijbjZkoh^ZoF ≥ 0,04 Fghfg_[he__± 2 %.1.3 Ij_^_e ^himkdZ_fhc Z[khexlghc ih]j_rghklb baf_j_gby l_fi_jZlmju∆Lg_[he__ ± (0,6 + 0,004 ⋅LhK]^_Ll_fi_jZlmjZl_iehghkbl_ey Ij_^_e ^himkdZ_fhc ijb\_^_gghc ih]j_rghklb baf_j_gby ^Z\e_gby g_ij_\urZ_l± 2 %.Ij_^_e^himkdZ_fhchlghkbl_evghcih]j_rghklbbaf_j_gby\j_f_gbjZ[hlug_ij_\urZ_l± 0,1%.1IblZgb_we_dljbq_kdbop_i_ckq_lqbdZhkms_kl\ey_lkyke_^mxsbfh[jZahf• l_iehwg_j]hdhgljhee_jZLWDHGhlijhfure_gghch^ghnZaghck_lbi_j_f_ggh]hlhdZgZijy`_gb_fhl^h<bqZklhlhc±=pbebhl\g_rg_]hbklhqgbdZihklhyggh]hlhdZgZijy`_gb_f±<•l_ieh\uqbkebl_eyBFhlijhfure_gghch^ghnZaghck_lbi_j_f_ggh]hlh-dZgZijy`_gb_f <bqZklhlhc±=p• l_ieh\uqbkebl_eyL<Fhl\kljh_ggh]hZddmfmeylhjZ• l_ieh\uqbkebl_eyKIL±hl\kljh_gghceblb_\hc[ZlZj_b• l_ieh\uqbkebl_eyKILhlijhfure_gghch^ghnZaghck_lbi_j_f_ggh]hlhdZgZijy`_gb_f± 66) <bqZklhlhc±=p• ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyF_ljZgIJhl\kljh_ggh]h\\uqbkebl_evLWDHGbebZ\lhghfgh]hbklhqgbdZiblZgbyihklhyggh]hlhdZgZijy`_gb_fhl^h<KI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl10• ^Zlqbdh\^Z\e_gbyhl\kljh_ggh]h\\uqbkebl_evbeb\g_rg_]hbklhqgbdZiblZgbyihklhyggh]hlhdZgZijy`_gb_fhl^h<We_dljbq_kdZyijhqghklvbkhijhlb\e_gb_baheypbbwe_dljbq_kdbop_i_cnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZkhhl\_lkl\mxllj_[h\ZgbyfghjfZlb\ghl_ogbq_kdhc^hdmf_glZpbbgZnmgdpbhgZevgu_[ehdb IZjZf_lju mklhcqb\hklb ijhqghklb nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ kq_lqbdZ d\g_rgbf\ha^_ckl\byfijb\_^_gu\lZ[ebpZoLZ[ebpZ±<g_rgb_\ha^_ckl\by^ey\uqbkebl_e_c<b^\g_rgbo\ha^_ckl\mxsbonZdlhjh\1 DebfZlbq_kdb_nZdlhju• l_fi_jZlmjZhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u°K• hlghkbl_evgZy\eZ`ghklv\ha^moZijbl_fi_jZlmj_°KAgZq_gby^ey\uqbkebl_eylbiZLWDHGBFL<FKILhlfbgmk^hiexk^hijbhl^hiexk^hijbhliexk^hiexk^hijbhlfbgmk^hiexk^hijbKILhlfbgmk^hiexk^hijb=jmiiZbkiheg_gbyih=HKLKbgmkhb^ZevgZy\b[jZpby GZijy`_gghklv \g_rg_]h fZ]gblgh]h ihey ihklhyggh]h bebi_j_f_ggh]h qZklhlhc =p:fg_[he__V1V1L1L3V1400400400400400Kl_i_gvaZsbs_gghklbih=HKL4 <ha^_ckl\b_\h^ubiuebIP20IP30IP54IP65IP65LZ[ebpZ±<g_rgb_\ha^_ckl\by^eyi_j\bqguoij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c<b^\g_rgbo\ha^_ckl\mxsbonZdlhjh\AgZq_gby^eyi_j\bqguoij_h[jZah\Zl_e_clbiZF_ljZgIJF_ljZgDLKILKIDLILJLIL1 DebfZlbq_kdb_nZdlhjuhlfbgmk hlfbgmk hlfbgmk• l_fi_jZlmjZhdjm^hiexk ^hiexk ^hiexk`Zxs_ckj_^u°K• hlghkbl_evgZy\eZ`ghklv^h^h^h\ha^moZijbl_fi_jZlmj_ijbijbijb°KDLKIJLKI001hliexk^hiexk^hijbF_ljZg>BF_ljZg>Bhlfbgmk hlfbgmk^hiexk ^hiexk^hijb^hijb=jmiiZbkiheg_gbyih=HKLKbgmkhb^ZevgZy\b[jZpbyN4ijhqghklvV1N3N2V1, V2KI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZV3Ebkl11Ijh^he`_gb_lZ[ebpu GZijy`_gghklv \g_rg_]hfZ]gblgh]hiheyihklhyggh]h beb i_j_f_ggh]h qZklhlhc=p:fg_[he__400400400400400400Kl_i_gvaZsbs_gghklbih=HKL4 <ha^_ckl\b_\h^ubiuebIP65IP65IP55IP54IP65IP55H[sb_nmgdpbhgZevgu_\hafh`ghklb\uqbkebl_evguomkljhckl\ij_^klZ\e_gu\lZ[ebp_LZ[ebpZIZjZf_ljuNmgdpbhgZevgu_[ehdbDhebq_kl\h ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_cjZkoh^ZDhebq_kl\h^Zlqbdh\^Z\e_gbyDhebq_kl\hl_jfhf_ljh\khijhlb\e_gbyDhebq_kl\h g_aZ\bkbfuo dZgZeh\ baf_j_gby dhebq_kl\Z l_iehluLWDHGBFL<FKILKIL^h^h^h^h^h^h^h^h^h------------^h^h^h^h^h^h1^h^h1Ijbf_qZgb_ - L_iehwg_j]hdhgljhee_jLWDHGh[_ki_qb\Z_lnhjfbjh\Zgb_^hkb]gZeh\ihklhyggh]hlhdZijhihjpbhgZevguoaZ^Zggufbaf_jy_fufbebjZkq_lgufiZjZf_ljZfnhjfbjh\Zgb_^h^bkdj_lguomijZ\eyxsbokb]gZeh\j_ZdpbxgZbaf_g_gb_khklhygby^h\oh^guo^bkdj_lguokb]gZeh\lbiZ©kmohcdhglZdlª =Z[Zjblgu_ jZaf_ju b fZkkZ nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ ijb\_^_gu \ kijZ\hqguoijbeh`_gbyo<>Kj_^gbckjhdkem`[ukq_lqbdZe_lMkljhckl\hbjZ[hlZkq_lqbdZ Kq_lqbd l_ieZ F_ljZg \dexqZ_l \ k_[y \uqbkebl_ev ij_h[jZah\Zl_ebjZkoh^Zl_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_ebb^Zlqbdb^Z\e_gbyihlj_[h\ZgbxaZdZaqbdZ Ijbgpbi jZ[hlu kq_lqbdZ khklhbl \ baf_j_gbb iZjZf_ljh\ l_iehghkbl_eyh[t_fgh]hjZkoh^Zl_fi_jZlmju^Z\e_gby\ljm[hijh\h^Zobihke_^mxs_f\uqbke_gbbl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbbfZkkul_iehghkbl_ey1.4.3 >ey baf_j_gby jZkoh^Z l_iehghkbl_ey bkihevam_lky ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev jZkoh^Z\boj_Zdmklbq_kdbcF_ljZgIJBaf_j_gb_hkgh\ZghgZmevljZa\mdh\hf^_l_dlbjh\Zgbb\boj_ch[jZamxsboky\ihlhd_l_iehghkbl_eyijbh[l_dZgbbbfijbafuki_pbZevghcnhjfujZkiheh`_gghci_ji_g^bdmeyjghihlhdmijhoh^ys_fmq_j_aijhlhqgmxqZklvij_h[jZah\Zl_eyKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl121.4.4 >ey baf_j_gby l_fi_jZlmju l_iehghkbl_ey bkihevamxlky ieZlbgh\u_ l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_eb khijhlb\e_gb_ dhlhjuo aZ\bkbl hl l_fi_jZlmju L_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_eb ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc g_jZa[hjgmx dhgkljmdpbx hkgh\m dhlhjhc khklZ\ey_l qm\kl\bl_evgucwe_f_glihf_s_gguc\aZsblgucdhjimkBaf_j_gb_l_fi_jZlmjuhkgh\ZghgZk\hckl\_qm\kl\bl_evgh]hwe_f_glZbaf_gylvk\h_we_dljbq_kdh_khijhlb\e_gb_\aZ\bkbfhklbhlbaf_g_gbyl_fi_jZlmju1.4.5 >ey baf_j_gby ^Z\e_gby l_iehghkbl_ey ijbf_gyxlky ^Zlqbdb ^Z\e_gbyij_h[jZamxsb_baf_jy_fh_^Z\e_gb_\klZg^Zjlguc\uoh^ghclhdh\uckb]gZeI_j\bqgZybgnhjfZpbyhlij_h[jZah\Zl_e_cjZkoh^Zl_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_e_cb^Zlqbdh\^Z\e_gbyi_j_^Z_lky\\uqbkebl_evy\eyxsbckyfgh]hnmgdpbhgZevgufki_pbZebabjh\Zggufbaf_jbl_evgh\uqbkebl_evgufmkljhckl\hf<uqbkebl_ev\dexqZ_l\k_[yke_^mxsb_hkgh\gu_maeu• p_gljZevgucijhp_kkhj• wg_j]hg_aZ\bkbfh_HAM\dhlhjhfojZgylkyZjob\gu_^Zggu_• mkljhckl\Z khijy`_gby k ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyfb jZkoh^Z l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_eyfbb^ZlqbdZfb^Z\e_gby• mkljhckl\Z^ey\u\h^ZbgnhjfZpbb• bg^bdZlhj• [ehdmijZ\e_gby• bklhqgbdiblZgbyGZ i_j_^g_c iZg_eb \uqbkebl_ey jZaf_s_gu bg^bdZlhj b we_f_glu mijZ\e_gbydghidbdeZ\bZlmjZ<uqbkebl_ev ijbgbfZ_l hl i_j\bqguo kj_^kl\ baf_j_gbc bgnhjfZpbx h iZjZf_ljZol_iehghkbl_eybgZ_zhkgh\Zgbbhij_^_ey_l l_ieh\mx wg_j]bx b fZkkm l_iehghkbl_eyhkms_kl\eyyZ\lhfZlbq_kdbc \\h^ agZq_gbc m^_evghc wglZevibb b iehlghklb\aZ\bkbfhklbhll_fi_jZlmjuJ_amevlZlubaf_j_gbcb\uqbke_gbcZjob\bjmxlky\wg_j]hg_aZ\bkbfhfHAM\h[t_f_g_f_g__mdZaZggh]h\igZklhys_]hJWbfh]mldhgljhebjh\Zlvkyhi_jZlhjhfgZbg^bdZlhj_1.4.9 ;he__ih^jh[ghmkljhckl\hbjZ[hlZnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZijb\_^_gu\wdkiemZlZpbhgguo^hdmf_glZogZkhhl\_lkl\mxsb_[ehdbKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl13Kj_^kl\Zbaf_j_gbybgkljmf_glbijbgZ^e_`ghklb>ey ijh\_jdb khhl\_lkl\by kq_lqbdZ F_ljZg lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdbo mkeh\bc LM \uiheg_gby jZ[hl ih l_ogbq_kdhfm h[kem`b\Zgbx b l_dms_fm j_fhglm kq_lqbdZ b _]h nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ bkihevamxlky k_jbcgh \uimkdZ_fu_kj_^kl\Zbaf_j_gbyi_j_q_gvdhlhjuoijb\_^_g\ijbeh`_gbb?FZjdbjh\dZFZjdbjh\dZnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZ^he`gZkhhl\_lkl\h\Zlvlj_[h\Zgbyfl_ogbq_kdbomkeh\bcgZwlb[ehdb1.6.2GZljZgkihjlghclZj_\khhl\_lkl\bbk=HKL^he`gu[ulvgZg_k_gu g_kfu\Z_fhc djZkdhc dhgljZklghc p\_lm lZju hkgh\gu_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ bgnhjfZpbhggu_ gZ^ibkb b fZgbimeypbhggu_ agZdb khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ h[hagZq_gbyfHklhjh`ghojmidh_<_jo;_j_qvhl\eZ]bKihkh[gZg_k_gbyfZjdbjh\db^he`_gh[_ki_qb\Zlv_zkhojZgghklv\l_q_gb_\k_]hkjhdZojZg_gbybkem`[ukq_lqbdZMiZdh\dZDhgk_j\ZpbybmiZdh\dZnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZijhba\_^_guih[ehqghih^hdmf_glZpbbij_^ijbylbyba]hlh\bl_ey\khhl\_lkl\bbk=HKL\ZjbZgl aZsblu < \ZjbZgl miZdh\db <M b khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdbomkeh\bcgZwlb[ehdbMiZdh\dZbljZgkihjlgZylZjZh[_ki_qb\ZxlkhojZgghklvkq_lqbdh\\mkeh\byoljZgkihjlbjh\ZgbybojZg_gby\khhl\_lkl\bbkjZa^_ehfgZklhys_]hJWIjbf_qZgb_ >himkdZ_lky ljZgkihjlbjh\Zgb_ nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ \ h[s_cljZgkihjlghclZj_ij_^ijbylbyba]hlh\bl_eykq_lqbdZ1.7.3<dZ`^ucysbd^he`_g[ulv\eh`_gmiZdh\hqgucebklkh^_j`Zsbcke_^mxsb_k\_^_gby-gZbf_gh\Zgb_bh[hagZq_gb_bkiheg_gbykq_lqbdZ-^ZlmmiZdh\db-ih^ibkvbrlZfihl\_lkl\_ggh]haZmiZdh\dmrlZfiHLDij_^ijbylbyba]hlh\bl_eyKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl14BKIHEVAH<:GB?IHG:AG:Q?GBXWdkiemZlZpbhggu_h]jZgbq_gby>ey h[_ki_q_gby [_ahldZaghc jZ[hlu nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ kq_lqbdZ g_h[oh^bfhkh[ex^Zlvj_dhf_g^ZpbbihbojZaf_s_gbxbfhglZ`mZlZd`_ke_^blvqlh[uiZjZf_lju\g_rgbo\ha^_ckl\bcbiblZgbykhhl\_lkl\h\Zebijb\_^_gguf\lZ[ebpZobFhglZ`kq_lqbdZl_ieZF_ljZgHj]ZgbaZpbxb\_^_gb_mq_lZl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbbiZjZf_ljh\l_iehghkbl_eyg_h[oh^bfhhkms_kl\eylv\khhl\_lkl\bbkijZ\beZfbI JZaf_s_gb_ b fhglZ` nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ kq_lqbdZ ke_^m_l ijhba\h^blv\kljh]hfkhhl\_lkl\bbkmdZaZgbyfbihfhglZ`mnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZF_ljZgbml\_j`^_ggufijh_dlhfmklZgh\dbkq_lqbdZl_ieZ2.2.3 Ijb jZaf_s_gbb fhglZ`_ b ih^]hlh\d_ d bkihevah\Zgbx ih gZagZq_gbxnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZl_ieZF_ljZgke_^m_lmqblu\ZlvqlhbklhqgbdZfb\hafh`ghchiZkghklbijbfhglZ`_bwdkiemZlZpbbkq_lqbdh\l_ieZy\eyxlkywe_dljbq_kdh_gZijy`_gb_ZlZd`_l_iehghkbl_evgZoh^ysbckyih^ ^Z\e_gb_f ^h FIZ ijbl_fi_jZlmj_^h°K2.2.4 I_j_^ mklZgh\dhc nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ kq_lqbdZ g_h[oh^bfh ijh\_jblvbo dhfie_dlghklv Ghf_jZ nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ kq_lqbdZ ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlvghf_jZfmdZaZgguf\iZkihjl_kq_lqbdZ<uqbkebl_evij_h[jZah\Zl_evjZkoh^ZF_ljZgIJ^Zlqbdb^Z\e_gbyZlZd`_kh_^bgbl_evgu_dZ[_eb^he`gu[ulvfZdkbfZevghm^Ze_guhlkbeh\uodZ[_e_cdhffmlbjmxsbo mkljhckl\ b we_dljhl_ogbq_kdbo Z]j_]Zlh\ y\eyxsboky bklhqgbdZfbwe_dljbq_kdbobfZ]gblguoihe_c Ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev jZkoh^Z F_ljZgIJ ke_^m_l mklZgZ\eb\Zlv gZ mqZkld_fZ]bkljZeb ]^_ ]ZjZglbjh\Zgh h[_ki_qb\Z_lky ihegh_ aZiheg_gb_ ljm[hijh\h^h\ l_iehghkbl_e_fijbwlhf^ebgZijyfhebg_cgh]hmqZkldZ^he`gZkhklZ\eylvg_f_g__>m^hb>mihke_f_klZmklZgh\dbF_ljZgIJ MklZgh\dm l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c g_h[oh^bfh ijhba\h^blv gZ\klj_qm bebi_ji_g^bdmeyjgh gZijZ\e_gbx ihlhdZ ijb wlhf ^ebgZ ih]jm`Z_fhc qZklb LK ^he`gZkhklZ\eylvg_f_g__hl\gmlj_gg_]h^bZf_ljZljm[hijh\h^Zkfijbeh`_gb_@ J_dhf_g^m_fu_ ko_fu mklZgh\db l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c b ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_cjZkoh^ZF_ljZgIJijb\_^_gu\ijbeh`_gbyo@bBKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl152.2.9>eyh[_ki_q_gbykh\f_klghcjZ[hluF_ljZgIJk\uqbkebl_eyfbL<FbBF j_dhf_g^m_lky bkihevah\Zlv bklhqgbd iblZgby fh^_eb BF khhl\_lkl\mxsbcl_ogbq_kdbfmkeh\byfBF LMijb wlhf kh_^bg_gb_ F_ljZgIJkmdZaZggufbbklhqgbdhfiblZgbyb\uqbkebl_eyfbijhba\h^blvex[uff_^guf]b[dbf^\mo`bevguf wdjZgbjh\Zgguf ijh\h^hf beb dZ[_e_f k k_q_gb_f dZ`^hc `beu g_ f_g__ff2gZijbf_jJIRWFo^ebghcg_[he__fkhijhlb\e_gb_dZ`^hc`beug_[he__Hf<gbfZgb_! Ijb ih^dexq_gbb ij_h[jZah\Zl_ey F_ljZgIJ d LWDHG g_h[oh^bfhbkdexqblv\hafh`ghklv]Zev\Zgbq_kdhck\yabp_ibiblZgbyb\u\h^h\hilhiZjuij_h[jZah\Zl_eyF_ljZgIJKh_^bg_gb_F_ljZgIJkLWDHGijhba\h^blvex[uff_^guf]b[dbfq_luj_o`bevgufwdjZgbjh\Zggufijh\h^hfbebdZ[_e_fkk_q_gb_fdZ`^hc`beug_f_g__ff2gZijbf_jJIRWFo^ebghcg_[he__fkhijhlb\e_gb_dZ`^hc`beug_[he__Hf Ih^dexq_gb_ l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c khijhlb\e_gby d \uqbkebl_eyfLWDHG± BF KIL KIL g_h[oh^bfh \uihegylv ih q_luj_oijh\h^ghcko_f_ ex[uf q_luj_o`bevguf f_^guf ]b[dbf ijh\h^hf beb dZ[_e_f k k_q_gb_f dZ`^hc`beug_f_g__ff2gZijbf_jJIRFFZdkbfZevgZy^ebgZebgbck\yab\uqbkebl_evl_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_ev \ wdjZg_ ± df ijb kh_^bg_gbb k \uqbkebl_e_fKIL FZdkbfZevgZy ^ebgZ ebgbc k\yab [_a wdjZgZ ± f ijb kh_^bg_gbb kLWDHGIh^dexq_gb_ l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c d l_ieh\uqbkebl_ex L<F \uihegy_lky ihlj_oijh\h^ghc ko_f_ ex[ufb f_^gufb ]b[dbfb djm]eufb beb h\Zevgufb lj_o`bevgufb ijh\h^Zfb k k_q_gb_f dZ`^hc `beu g_ f_g__ ff2 gZijbf_j DF< ijb wlhf^ebgZebgbbk\yabg_^he`gZij_\urZlvf>himkdZ_lkyijhba\h^blvih^dexq_gb_LKdL<Fih^\moijh\h^ghcko_f_ijh\h^hfR<<Io^ebgZijh\h^Zg_[he__f Ih^dexq_gb_ ^Zlqbdh\ ^Z\e_gby d \uqbkebl_ex ijhba\h^blky ^\mo`bevgufb ijh\h^Zfb beb dZ[_eyfb k f_^gufb `beZfb k_q_gb_f g_ f_g__ ff2 ijbwlhfg_h[oh^bfhke_^blvqlh[ukmffZjgh_khijhlb\e_gb_ebgbbk\yabbgZ]jmahqgh]hkhijhlb\e_gbyg_ij_\urZehfZdkbfZevgh]h^himklbfh]hagZq_gby^ey>B Ijbf_ju ko_f we_dljbq_kdbo kh_^bg_gbc jZaebqguo bkiheg_gbc kq_lqbdZijb\_^_gu\ijbeh`_gbbD2.2.14;he__ih^jh[gZybgnhjfZpbyihjZaf_s_gbxb fhglZ`m nmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZF_ljZgijb\_^_gZ\wdkiemZlZpbhgguo^hdmf_glZogZwlb[ehdbKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl16Ih^]hlh\dZdjZ[hl_kq_lqbdZl_ieZF_ljZg2.3.1I_j_^gZqZehfwdkiemZlZpbbkq_lqbdZg_h[oh^bfhm[_^blvky\]_jf_lbqghklb fhglZ`Z _]h nmgdpbhgZevguo [ehdh\ gZ ljm[hijh\h^Zo Kq_lqbd h[_ki_qb\Z_l]ZjZglbjm_fmx lhqghklv q_j_a fbg ihke_ \uiheg_gby we_dljbq_kdbo kh_^bg_gbcijh]jZffbjh\Zgby\uqbkebl_eyb\dexq_gbynmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\kq_lqbdZ;_ahiZkghklvwdkiemZlZpbbkq_lqbdZF_ljZgh[_ki_qb\Z_lky- ijhqghklvxdhgkljmdpbbij_h[jZah\Zl_eyF_ljZgIJb^ZlqbdZ>B- ]_jf_lbqghklvx kh_^bg_gby ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c F_ljZgIJ l_jfhij_h[jZah\Zl_e_cb^Zlqbdh\>Bkl_iehfZ]bkljZevxih^\h^ys_cl_iehghkbl_ev- dhgkljmdpb_c [ehdh\ kq_lqbdZ F_ljZg ]ZjZglbjmxs_c aZsblm h[kem`b\Zxs_]h i_jkhgZeZ hl khijbdhkgh\_gby k ^_lZeyfb b maeZfb gZoh^ysbfbky ih^ hiZkguf^eyq_eh\_dZgZijy`_gb_f- gZ^_`ghcbaheypb_cwe_dljbq_kdbop_i_c[ehdh\kq_lqbdZF_ljZgWdkiemZlZpbykq_lqbdh\F_ljZgkhkgylufbdjurdZfb_]hnmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\g_^himkdZ_lky2.3.4I_j_^\dexq_gb_f[ehdh\kq_lqbdh\F_ljZg\we_dljbq_kdmxk_lvg_h[oh^bfhbogZ^_`ghaZa_feblvMkljZg_gb_^_n_dlh\[ehdh\kq_lqbdh\F_ljZg aZf_gZ ijbkh_^bg_gb_bhlkh_^bg_gb_bohlljm[hijh\h^h\^he`guijhba\h^blvkyijbiheghklvxhlkmlkl\mxs_f^Z\e_gbb\ljm[hijh\h^Zobhldexq_gghfgZijy`_gbbiblZgby2.3.6 D jZ[hlZf ih fhglZ`m mklZgh\d_ ih\_jd_ wdkiemZlZpbb b h[kem`b\Zgbxkq_lqbdh\ F_ljZg ^himkdZxlky ebpZ bf_xsb_ g_h[oh^bfmx d\ZebnbdZpbx bamqb\rb_ dhfie_dl wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glh\ b ijhr_^rb_ bgkljmdlZ` ih l_ogbd_[_ahiZkghklb2.3.7 ;he__ ih^jh[gu_ k\_^_gby h ihjy^d_ jZ[hlu b wdkiemZlZpbb nmgdpbhgZevguo[ehdh\ijb\_^_gu\wdkiemZlZpbhgguo^hdmf_glZogZwlb[ehdbBkihevah\Zgb_j_amevlZlh\baf_j_gbcihlj_[e_gghcl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbAgZq_gb_ihlj_[e_gghcl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbQbbaf_j_ggh_kq_lqbdhfbkiheg_gbcfh`_ly\eylvkyhkgh\hc^eydhff_jq_kdbojZkq_lh\f_`^mijhba\h^bl_e_fbihlj_[bl_e_fl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbKI=DJWBaf Ebkl^hdmfIh^ibkv>ZlZEbkl17 AgZq_gb_ ihlj_[e_gghc l_ieh\hc wg_j]bb Qb baf_j_ggh_ kq_lqbdhf bkiheg_gbyfh`_ly\eylvkyhkgh\hc^eydhff_jq_kdbojZkq_lh\f_`^mijhba\h^bl_e_fbihlj_[bl_e_fl_ieh\hcwg_j]bbijbmkeh\bbbkihevah\ZgbynZdlbq_kdh]hagZq_gbyl_fi_jZlmjuoheh^ghc\h^uto\..Ijbbkihevah\Zgbbkq_lqbdhfbkiheg_gby\f_klhnZdlbq_kdh]hagZq_gbyl_fi_jZlmjuoheh^ghc\h^u to\.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
