market_leader_3e_-_intermediate_-_course_book (852196), страница 51
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v. [I] to not get something good, when someoneelse does get itloss n. 1 [C, U] the fact of no longer having something that youused to have, or having less of itjob loss [C, U] when people lose their jobs2 [C] when a business spends more money than it receivesin a particu lar period of time, or loses money in some otherwayloyal adj. If customers are loyal to a particular product, theycontinue to buy it and do not cha nge to other products.loyalty n. [ U ]margin n. [ C , U] t h e difference between t h e price thatsomething is sold for and the cost of producing or buying it.A margin is usua lly calcu lated as a percentage of the pricethat something is sold for.profit margin [C, U] the difference between the price of aproduct or service and the cost of prod ucing it, or betweenthe cost of prod ucing all of a company's products o rservices a n d t h e total sum they are sold formarkets n.
1 [C] the activity of buying and selling goods o rservices, o r t h e va lue of t h e goods o r services sold2 [C] a particular country, area or group of people to which acompany sells or hopes to sell its goods or services3 [singular] the number of people who want to buysometh ing4 [C] (also financial market) the buying and selling ofsh ares, bonds, commodities, etc. ; a place where thishappens. Some markets are in a particular building, wh iletrad ing on oth ers takes place on com puters and over thetelephone, with no central buildi ng.marketz v. [T] 1 to sell something or make it available for sale,especially in a particular way2 to sell something by considering what customers want o rneed when buying a prod uct or service, for exam ple howmuch they are willing to pay, where they will buy it, etc.marketing n.
[U] activities to design and sell a prod uct orservice by considering buyers' wants or needs, for examplewhere and how they will buy it, how m uch they will bewilling to pay, etc.meet v. (past tense and past participle met) [I, T) 1 to gettogether with another person to discuss something2 meet a debt/cost/payment/expense to pay a debt orpayment3 meet a target/expectation/projection /standard toachieve a level that has been set or expected4 meet a demand to prod uce enough goods to satisfy thedemand for them5 meet a deadline to finish something at or before the timeit was meant to be finished6 meet a requirement/condition/obligation to succeed indoing someth ing that you h ave to domerge v.
[I, T) I f two o r more companies, o rgan isations, etc.merge, or if they are merged, they join together.merger n. [C] an occasion when two or more com panies,organisations, etc. join together to form a larger com pany,etc.model n. [C) 1 a particular type or design of a vehicle ormachine2 a sim ple description or structure that is used to helppeo ple understand similar systems or structures3 the way in which something is done by a particularcountry, person, etc. that can be copied by others who wantsimilar resultsmorale n.
[ U ] the level of confidence and positive feelingsamong a group of people who work togethermotivate v. [T] to encourage someone and make them want towo rk hardmotivated adj. very keen to do someth ing or ach ievesomethi ng, especia lly because you find it interesting o rexcitingoutlet n. [C] a shop, com pany o r organisation through whichproducts are soldoutsource v. [T) I f a company, o rganisation, etc. outsources itswork, it employs another company to do it ( subcontract)outsourcing n. [U]=overtime n. [ U ] 1 time that you spend working in you r job inadd ition to your normal working hours2 the money that you a re paid for working more hours thanusualownership n.
[U] the state of owning somethingpackaging n. [U] 1 material, boxes, etc. used for wrappinggoods to protect them, for exa m ple because they are beingtaken somewhere ( packing)2 the process of wrapping or packing goods so they areready to be sent somewhere (= packing)=panel n. [C) a gro u p of peo ple chosen to give advice or decideso methingparent company n. [C] If one com pany is the parent of another,it owns at least half the shares in the other co mpany, andhas control over it.partner n. [C] 1 a company that works with another company ina particula r activity, o r i nvests in the same activity2 someone who starts a new busi ness with someone elseby investing in it3 a member of certain types of business or professionalgroups, for exam ple partnerships of lawyers, architects, etc.4 economic partner, trade partner, trading partner acou ntry that invests in another or is invested in by anotheror that trad es with anotherpartnership n.
1 [C) a relationship between two people,organ isations or countries that work together2 [U] the situation of working together in business3 [C] a business organisation made up of a group ofaccountants, lawyers, etc. who work together, o r of a groupof investors171GLOSSARYpatent n. [C) a legal document giving a person or company theright to make or sell a new invention, product or methodof doing something and stating that no other person orcompany is allowed to do thispeaks n. [C) the time when prices, shares, etc.
have reachedtheir highest point or levelpeak2 adj. 1 peak level/price/rate, etc. the highest level, etc.something reaches2 peak time/period/ hours/season the time when thegreatest number of people in a cou ntry are doing the samethi ng, using the same service, etc.peak] v. [I) to reach the highest point or levelperk n.
[C) something in addition to money that you get fordoing you r job, such as a carpersonnel n. 1 [plural) the people who work for a company ororganisation2 [U) the department in an organisation that deals withem ploying, training and helping em ployees ( humanresources)=pitch n. [C) 1 sales pitch informal what a sales person saysabout a prod uct to persuade people to buy it2 an attempt by an advertising agency to persuade acompany to use its services to advertise a productpromotion n. [C, U] 1 a move to a more i mportant job orposition in a company or organisation2 sales promotion an activity such as specialadvertisements or free gifts intended to sell a p roduct orserviceproperty n. [ U ] 1 all the things that someone owns2 land and buildings, and the activity of buying, selling andrenting them ( real estate)=proposal n.
[C) a plan or idea which is suggested formally to anofficial person, or when this is donepropose v. [T) l to suggest something such as a plan or courseof actionproposed adj. [only before a noun]2 to formally suggest a course of action at a meeti ng andask people to vote on itprotect v. [Tl 1 to keep someone or something safe from harm,damage, bad influences, etc.2 to try to help an industry in your own country by taxingforeign goods that are competing with it, so limiting thenumber that can be im portedprotectionism n. [U] when a govern ment tries to help ind ustry,fa rming, etc.
in its own country by taxing fo reign goodsthat compete with it, so limiting the number that can beim portedpoverty n. [ U ) l the situation or experience of being poor2 the poverty line the income below which people areofficially considered to be very poor and need ing helpprototype n. [C) the first form that a newly designed car,machine, etc.
haspredict v. [T] to say what you think will happenprediction n. [C)purchaseS n. 1 [Ul the act of buying something2 make a purchase to buy something3 [C) something that has been boughtpricing n. [Ul the prices of a company's products or servicesin relation to each other and in relation to those of theircompetitors, and the activity of setting thempurchase2 v. [T) formal to buy someth ing, especially somethingbig or expensiveproduce v. 1 [I, T) to make or grow something in large q uantitiesto be sold2 [T] to make something happen or to have a particularresult or effectproducer n. [C) 1 a person or organisation that manages andfinds the finance for films, plays, etc.2 a company or country that makes goods or grows foodsproduct n. 1 [C) something useful and intended to be sold thatcomes from nature or is made in a factory2 milk/steel/tobacco/wood, etc.
products products madefrom milk, etc.3 [C) a serviceproduction n. 1 [U] the process of making or growing things tobe sold as products, usually in large q uantities2[U) an amount of someth ing that is producedprofile n. [Cl 1 a short description of someone or someth ing,giving the most i mportant details about them2 used to talk about how much things a re noticed and thedegree to which they are given attentionpromote v. [Tl 1 to help something develop, grow, become moresuccessful, etc.
or encourage something to happen2 to try hard to sell a prod uct or service by advertising itwidely, red ucing its price, etc.3 to give someone a better-paid, more responsible job in acompany or organ isation1 72qualification n. 1 [C, usua lly plural] an examination t hat youhave passed at school, university or in your profession2 [C) a skill, personal quality or type of experience thatmakes you suitable for a particular jobquarter n. [C) l one of four equal pa rts into which somethingcan be divided2 a period of three months, especially in connection withbills, payments and incomequarterly adv.
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