UNIX Reference Manual (794271), страница 5
Текст из файла (страница 5)
Signals are either given by number or by names (as given in/usr/include/signal.h, stripped of the prefix ‘‘SIG’’). The signal names are listedby ‘‘kill −l’’. There is no default, just saying ‘kill’ does not send a signal to the current job.If the signal being sent is TERM (terminate) or HUP (hangup), then the job or process willbe sent a CONT (continue) signal as well.resourceresource maximum-use−h−h resource−h resource maximum-useLimits the consumption by the current process and each process it creates to not individuallyexceed maximum-use on the specified resource.
If no maximum-use is given, thenthe current limit is printed; if no resource is given, then all limitations are given. If the−h flag is given, the hard limits are used instead of the current limits. The hard limits impose a ceiling on the values of the current limits.
Only the super-user may raise the hardlimits, but a user may lower or raise the current limits within the legal range.Resources controllable currently include cputime (the maximum number of cpu-secondsto be used by each process), filesize (the largest single file that can be created),datasize (the maximum growth of the data+stack region via sbrk(2) beyond the end ofthe program text), stacksize (the maximum size of the automatically-extended stack region), and coredumpsize (the size of the largest core dump that will be created).The maximum-use may be given as a (floating point or integer) number followed by ascale factor.
For all limits other than cputime the default scale is ‘k’ or ‘kilobytes’ (1024bytes); a scale factor of ‘m’ or ‘megabytes’ may also be used. For cputime the defaultscale is ‘seconds’; a scale factor of ‘m’ for minutes or ‘h’ for hours, or a time of the form‘mm:ss’ giving minutes and seconds also may be used.4th Berkeley DistributionJanuary 21, 199413CSH ( 1 )UNIX Reference ManualCSH ( 1 )For both resource names and scale factors, unambiguous prefixes of the names suffice.login Terminate a login shell, replacing it with an instance of /bin/login. This is one way tolog off, included for compatibility with sh(1).logoutTerminate a login shell.
Especially useful if ignoreeof is set.nicenice +numbernice commandnice +number commandThe first form sets the scheduling priority for this shell to 4. The second form sets the priority to the given number. The final two forms run command at priority 4 and number respectively. The greater the number, the less cpu the process will get. The super-user mayspecify negative priority by using ‘nice −number ...’. Command is always executed in a subshell, and the restrictions placed on commands in simple if statements apply.nohupnohup commandThe first form can be used in shell scripts to cause hangups to be ignored for the remainderof the script.
The second form causes the specified command to be run with hangups ignored. All processes detached with ‘&’ are effectively nohup´ed.notifynotify %job ...Causes the shell to notify the user asynchronously when the status of the current or specifiedjobs change; normally notification is presented before a prompt. This is automatic if theshell variable notify is set.onintronintr −onintr labelControl the action of the shell on interrupts. The first form restores the default action of theshell on interrupts which is to terminate shell scripts or to return to the terminal command input level. The second form ‘onintr −’ causes all interrupts to be ignored.
The final formcauses the shell to execute a ‘goto label’ when an interrupt is received or a child process terminates because it was interrupted.In any case, if the shell is running detached and interrupts are being ignored, all forms ofonintr have no meaning and interrupts continue to be ignored by the shell and all invokedcommands.
Finally onintr statements are ignored in the system startup files where interrupts are disabled (/etc/csh.cshrc, /etc/csh.login).popdpopd +nPops the directory stack, returning to the new top directory. With an argument `+ n´ discardsthe n´th entry in the stack.
The members of the directory stack are numbered from the topstarting at 0.pushdpushd namepushd nWith no arguments, pushd exchanges the top two elements of the directory stack. Given aname argument, pushd changes to the new directory (ala cd) and pushes the old currentworking directory (as in csw) onto the directory stack. With a numeric argument, pushd4th Berkeley DistributionJanuary 21, 199414CSH ( 1 )UNIX Reference ManualCSH ( 1 )rotates the n´th argument of the directory stack around to be the top element and changes toit.
The members of the directory stack are numbered from the top starting at 0.rehashCauses the internal hash table of the contents of the directories in the path variable to be recomputed. This is needed if new commands are added to directories in the path while youare logged in.
This should only be necessary if you add commands to one of your own directories, or if a systems programmer changes the contents of a system directory.repeat count commandThe specified command which is subject to the same restrictions as the command in the oneline if statement above, is executed count times. I/O redirections occur exactly once,even if count is 0.setsetsetsetsetnamename=wordname[index]=wordname=(wordlist)The first form of the command shows the value of all shell variables.
Variables that haveother than a single word as their value print as a parenthesized word list. The second formsets name to the null string. The third form sets name to the single word. The fourth formsets the index’th component of name to word; this component must already exist. The final form sets name to the list of words in wordlist. The value is always command andfilename expanded.These arguments may be repeated to set multiple values in a single set command.
Note however, that variable expansion happens for all arguments before any setting occurs.setenvsetenv namesetenv name valueThe first form lists all current environment variables. It is equivalent to printenv(1). Thelast form sets the value of environment variable name to be value, a single string. Thesecond form sets name to an empty string. The most commonly used environment variablesUSER, TERM, and PATH are automatically imported to and exported from the csh variablesuser, term, and path; there is no need to use setenv for these.shiftshift variableThe members of argv are shifted to the left, discarding argv[1].
It is an error for argvnot to be set or to have less than one word as value. The second form performs the samefunction on the specified variable.source namesource −h nameThe shell reads commands from name. Source commands may be nested; if they are nested too deeply the shell may run out of file descriptors. An error in a source at any levelterminates all nested source commands. Normally input during source commands is notplaced on the history list; the −h option causes the commands to be placed on the history listwithout being executed.stopstop %job ...Stops the current or specified jobs that are executing in the background.4th Berkeley DistributionJanuary 21, 199415CSH ( 1 )UNIX Reference ManualCSH ( 1 )suspendCauses the shell to stop in its tracks, much as if it had been sent a stop signal with ˆZ. Thisis most often used to stop shells started by su(1).switch (string)case str1:...breaksw...default:...breakswendsw Each case label is successively matched against the specified string which is first command and filename expanded.
The file metacharacters ‘∗’, ‘?’ and ‘[...]’ may be used in thecase labels, which are variable expanded. If none of the labels match before the ‘default’ label is found, then the execution begins after the default label. Each case label and the defaultlabel must appear at the beginning of a line. The command breaksw causes execution tocontinue after the endsw. Otherwise control may fall through case labels and the default label as in C. If no label matches and there is no default, execution continues after the endsw.timetime commandWith no argument, a summary of time used by this shell and its children is printed. If arguments are given the specified simple command is timed and a time summary as described under the time variable is printed.
If necessary, an extra shell is created to print the timestatistic when the command completes.umaskumask valueThe file creation mask is displayed (first form) or set to the specified value (second form).The mask is given in octal. Common values for the mask are 002 giving all access to thegroup and read and execute access to others or 022 giving all access except write access forusers in the group or others.unalias patternAll aliases whose names match the specified pattern are discarded.
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