Yves Jean - Molecular Orbitals of Transition Metal Complexes (793957), страница 53

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C. Thibeault, D.Thorn J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 3801 (1979).4.2.1. See Chapter 2, § 2.8.2.2. See Chapter 2, § 2.6.1 and Chapter 4, § 4.2.2.3. A ‘T-shaped’ structure for [Rh(PPh3 )3 ]+ (d8 ) and trigonal for[Pt(PPh3 )3 ] (d10 ).4.3.1. See Chapter 2, § 2.1.2.4 (trans) and 2.1.2.5 (cis).2. The same types of diagram as in the dichloro octahedralcomplexes (trans: see Chapter 3, § 3.3.1; cis: see Chapter 3,Exercise 3.4).3.

d0 : cis; d2 : trans; see D. M. P. Mingos J. Organomet. Chem. 179,C29 (1979).4. [OsO2 F4 ]2− : trans; [MoO2 Cl4 ]2− : cis.4.4.1. d62. See the analysis in Chapter 4, § 4.1.3 and A. Jarid, A. Lledos,D. Lauvergnat, Y. Jean New J. Chem. 21, 953 (1997).3. (0, 0), (0, 90), and (90, 90).4. Coplanar or perpendicular, the first being more stable.4.5.1.

See the analysis for the bis-ethylene complexes (Chapter 4,§ 4.1.3).2. d2 : 1; d4 : 2; d6 : 2.3. The back-donation interactions towards the carbenes decrease,so the rotation barrier also decreases.Answers to the exercises (in skeletal form)4.61. For the d orbitals in the octahedron, use the sketches given inFigure 2.4. For those in the square-planar structure, use therepresentation in Exercise 2.4 (rotated by 90◦ ). For the MO−H bonds, see Figure 4.12.that characterize the broken M−2. Yes.3.

An orbital in the reactant that characterizes a bond becomes ad-block orbital in the product.Chapter 5: The isolobal analogy5.1.−CH3 ; [(CO)5 Mn−−Mn(CO)5 ]1. CH3 −2.[Mn(CO)5]CH3[Mn(CO)5 CH3 ]5.2.1.CpRhOCCHCOCpHRhOCHRhHCCpHdouble bond ( and )2. [CpRh(µ-CO)]2 , with two bridging CO.CHAnswers to the exercises (in skeletal form)5.3.1. and 2.COCOCH2CH2OC OsOs COOCOCCOCO5.4.1.CO8[Fe(CO) 4]: d -ML 4CH 2OCHFeCOCHCOH[Pt(CO)L]:d10-ML2LCH 2PtCOCH2.CCFeCC3H6PtPt[Fe(CO)4 (Pt(CO)L) 2 ]Planar coordination around the platinum atoms, octahedralaround the iron.5.5.HHBHH1. CH+2.2. BH2 .3.

Diborane B2 H6 .BHH5.6.1. (a).2. (b) (analogues of cyclopropane).5.7.1.[Ir(CO)3 ]: d 9–ML3CH(scheme 5-11, last line)2. These are also isolobal analogues of tetrahedrane.3. Tetrahedral representations, like structures 1 and 2 in thequestion.Answers to the exercises (in skeletal form)5.8. Yes for the organic molecule (‘orthogonal’ ethylene), but not forthe complex. There is a π interaction, weaker than that in conformation (a), which involves a nonbonding d orbital on the metal(see Chapter 4, § 4.1.1.).Chapter 6: Elements of group theory and applications−H bond and6.1. (1) Two; (2) three, each of which contains an N−−−−−bisects the opposite H N H angle (planes written σv (1), σv (2),and σv (3)); (3) three: the molecular plane and two planes per−C bond, the otherpendicular to it, one perpendicular to the C−−C−−H angles; (4) two, since the third planebisecting the H−described above for ethylene is not a symmetry element here−C−−F angles); (5) one, the molecular plane; (6) four: the(H−molecular plane and the three planes perpendicular to it which−Cl bond.each contain an Al−6.2.

(1) Yes; (2) no; (3) no; (4) yes; (5) no; (6) yes; (7) no; (8) no; (9) yes;(10) yes; (11) no.6.3.1. No.−H bonds; the C22. The C3 axes are co-linear with one of the C−−C−− H angles.axes bisect two opposite H−3. (a) three, at the intersections of the three planes found inExercise 6.1 (question 3);(b) one, the intersection of the two reflection planes (Exercise 6.1, question 4);(c) one, perpendicular to the molecular plane.4. a C3 axis perpendicular to the molecular plane and three−ClC2 axes, each of which is co-linear with one of the Al−bonds.6.4.1.

S32 = C32 and S34 = C3 .2. (i) S3 ; (ii) S6 .6.5.1. σv (1)C3 = σv (2); C3 σv (1) = σv (3) (non-commutative).2. (C3 σv (1))σv (2) = C3 (σv (1)σv (2)) = C32 (associative).3. E, C32 , C3 , σv (1), respectively.6.6. Consult § 6.2.2. (1) point 1: D∞h ; (2) point 1: C∞v ; (3) point 4:D2h ; (4) point 3: C2v ; (5) point 3: C2h ; (6) point 4: D3h ; (7) point 1:Td ; (8) point 3: C2v ; (9) point 3: C3v ; (10) point 4: D4h ; (11) point 4:D3h ; (12) point 2: Cs .Answers to the exercises (in skeletal form)6.7.space[2(1sH1 ) − (1sH2 ) − (1sH3 )] × [1sH1 + 1sH2 + 1sH3 ]dτ= (2 − 1 − 1) + S(2 + 2 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1) = 06.8.1. ŴH = Ag ⊕ B1g ⊕ B2u ⊕ B3u .2.6.9.1Ag : (1sH1 + 1sH2 + 1sH3 + 1sH4 )21B1g : (1sH1 − 1sH2 + 1sH3 − 1sH4 )21B2u : (1sH1 − 1sH2 − 1sH3 + 1sH4 )21B3u : (1sH1 + 1sH2 − 1sH3 − 1sH4 )23a12e(e x , e y)( px , py) (e)pz (a1)2a1a11e2s (a1)1a16.10.1φA1 = (σ1 + σ2 + σ3 + σ4 )21φT2 (2) = √ (σ3 − σ4 )2φT2 (1) = λσ1 − µ(σ2 + σ3 + σ4 )Answers to the exercises (in skeletal form)where λ2 + 3µ2 = 1 (normalization)φ T2 (1) and φA1 orthogonal ⇒ λ = 3µ1⇒ φ T2 (1) = √ (3σ1 − σ2 − σ3 − σ4 )12φT2 (3) = λσ2 − µ(σ3 + σ4 )where λ2 + 2µ2 = 1 (normalization)φT2 (3) and φA1 orthogonal ⇒ λ = 2µ1⇒ φT2 (3) = √ (2σ2 − σ3 − σ4 )66.11.

1. and 2.D3hEC31C32C2 (1)C2 (2)C2 (3)σhS31S32σv (1)σv (2)σv (3)Rk (σ1 )σ1σ2σ3σ1σ3σ2σ1σ2σ3σ1σ3σ2Rk (σ2 − σ3 ) σ2 − σ3 σ3 − σ1 σ1 − σ2 σ3 − σ2 σ2 − σ1 σ1 − σ3 σ2 − σ3 σ3 − σ1 σ1 − σ2 σ3 − σ2 σ2 − σ1 σ1 − σ3A1′111111111111E′2−1−10002−1−1000φ = 4 × (σ1 + σ2 + σ3 ), so the normalized function is√A1′(1/ 3)(σ1 + σ2 + σ3 ).φE′ (1) = 2σ1 − σ2 − σ3 + 2σ1 − σ2 − σ3 = 4σ1 − 2σ2 − 2σ3 ,√so the normalized function is (1/ 6)(2σ1 − σ2 − σ3 ).φE′ (2) = 2 × (σ2 − σ3 ) − (σ3 − σ1 ) − (σ1 − σ2 ) + 2 × (σ2 −σ3 ) − (σ3 − σ1 ) − (σ1 − σ2 ) = 6σ2 − 6σ3 so the normalized√function is (1/ 2)(σ2 − σ3 ).6.12. 1.

and 2.D3hRk (p1 )EC31C32C2 (1)C2 (2)C2 (3)σhS31S32σv (1)σv (2)σv (3)p1p2p3−p1−p3−p2p1p2p3−p1−p3−p2Rk (p2 − p3 ) p2 − p3 p3 − p1 p1 − p2 p2 − p3 p1 − p2 p3 − p1 p2 − p3 p3 − p1 p1 − p2 p2 − p3 p1 − p2 p3 − p1A2′111−1−1−1111E′−1−1−12−1−10002−1−1000φ ′ = 4 × (p1 + p2 + p3 ), so the normalized function is√A2(1/ 3)(p1 + p2 + p3 ).Answers to the exercises (in skeletal form)φE′ (1) = 2p1 − p2 − p3 + 2p1 − p2 − p3 = 2 ×√(2p1 − p2 − p3 ), so the normalized function is (1/ 6)(2p1− p2 − p3 ).φE′ (2) = 2 × (p2 − p3 ) − (p3 − p1 ) − (p1 − p2 ) + 2 ×(p2 − p3 ) − (p3 − p1 ) − (p1 − p2 ) = 6 × (p2 − p3 ), so the√normalized function is (1/ 2)(p2 − p3 ).6.13. 1.

and 2.′′′D4hE2C4C22C22C2i2S4σh2σv2σdŴp⊥400−2000−420=> Ŵp⊥ = A2u ⊕ B2u ⊕ Eg3.D4hC41EC43C2′C2a′C2b′′C2a′′C2bRk (p⊥1 ) p⊥1 p⊥4 p⊥2 p⊥3 −p⊥1 −p⊥3 −p⊥4 −p⊥2Rk (p⊥2 ) p⊥2 p⊥1 p⊥3 p⊥4 −p⊥4 −p⊥2 −p⊥3 −p⊥1A2u1111 −1−1−1−11 −1 −11 −1−111B2uEg200 −20000D4hiS41S43σhσva σvb σda σdbRk (p⊥1 ) −p⊥3 −p⊥4 −p⊥2 −p⊥1 p⊥1 p⊥3 p⊥4 p⊥2Rk (p⊥2 ) −p⊥4 −p⊥1 −p⊥3 −p⊥2 p⊥4 p⊥2 p⊥3 p⊥1A2u−1−1−1−11111−111−111 −1 −1B2u200−20000EgφA2u = 4 × (p⊥1 + p⊥2 + p⊥3 + p⊥4 ), so the normalizedfunction is1× (p⊥1 + p⊥2 + p⊥3 + p⊥4 )21φB2u = × (p⊥1 − p⊥2 + p⊥3 − p⊥4 ) (normalized)21φEg (1) = √ (p⊥1 − p⊥3 ) (normalized)21φEg (2) = √ (p⊥2 − p⊥4 ) (normalized)2φA2u =Answers to the exercises (in skeletal form)4.B2uMEg(1)A2uM5.

εA2u < εEg < εB2u6.D4h E 2C4 C2Ŵp40Eg(2)MM0′′′2C22C2i2S4σh2σv2σd−20004−20⇒ Ŵp = A2g ⊕ B2g ⊕ EuNormalized functions:1φA2g = × (p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 )21φB2g = × (p1 − p2 + p3 − p4 )21φEu (1) = √ (p1 − p3 )21φEu (2) = √ (p2 − p4 )2MEu(1)MMMwhere εB2g < εEu < εA2gA2gB2gEu(2)BibliographyIn addition to the references given in the different chapters,several books havebeen useful for the preparation of this work.The following deserve a particularmention:T. A. Albright, J.

K. Burdett, and M.-H. Whangbo Orbital Interactions in Chemistry,Wiley (1985).François Mathey and Alain Sevin, Chimie moléculaire des éléments de transition, LesEditions de l’Ecole Polytechnique (2000).J. K. Burdett Chemical Bonds: A Dialog,Wiley (1997).J. K. Burdett Molecular Shapes, Wiley (1980).R. H. Crabtree The Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metals, Wiley (1988).J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, and R.

L. Keiter Inorganic Chemistry: Principles ofStructure and Reactivity, fourth edition, Harper Collins College Publishers(1993).E. W. Abel, F. Gordon A. Stone, and G. Wilkinson, Comprehensive OrganometallicChemistry, 2nd edn., vol. 13, Pergamon Press (1995).F. A. Cotton, Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 3rd edn., Wiley (1990).P. H. Walton, Beginning Group Theory for Chemistry, Oxford University Press(1998).This page intentionally left blankIndexa0 , Bohr radius 21Acetylene 84, 171[Ag(CO)2 ]+ 76[Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ 76[Ag(PPh3 )4 ]+ 66Agostic distortion 158Agostic interaction 156Agostic methyl 157AH (MO) 27AH2 bent (MO) 26AH3 pyramidal (MO) 25AlH2 26Alkylidene 156Allyl 33AlMe3 169Analogy, isolobal 185, 193, 194[AuCl2 ]− 76[Au(PPh3 )2 Cl] 74Back-donation 109, 155, 167Basis of representation 212Benzene 6, 13BH2 26Bimetallic complexes 8, 34, 170, 195, 201,202Borohydride 34, 203Butadiene 6CH 186, 187, 190, 193, 194CH2 26, 165, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 196CH3 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 201CH4 186, 187, 192, 209C2 H4 19, 125, 127, 142, 146, 197, 199, 221,247, 249C5 H5 6, 7, 129Carbene 7complexes 156, 165electrophile 169Fischer 168, 183, 184nucleophile 169Schrock 168Carbonyl ligand 4, 29, 105, 109, 133, 138[CdCl5 ]3− 73Characters 215Character tables 217C2v point-group 217C3v point-group 219D2h point-group 249D3h point-group 70, 236D4h point-group 114, 232definition 217Oh point-group 42, 241Td point-group 65, 235Classification of ligands 4CN 5, 136CO 4, 109, 133π interactions 139MO 29, 105[Co(CN)4 ]4− 68[Co(CN)5 ]3− 60, 62, 87, 196[Co2 (CN)10 ]6− 195Co(CO)3 190, 193, 195[Co(CO)4 ]− 66Complexesbimetallic 8, 34, 170, 195, 201, 202carbene 165ethylene 125molecular-hydrogen 4, 49π -type 5, 29, 34, 125sixteen-electron 53, 74strong-field 31, 47, 124weak-field 31, 47, 124[Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ 49Configuration dn 11Co(PMe3 )4 68Correlation diagramd6 ML5 163reductive elimination 177, 178, 184Couplingscarbene-dihydrogen 183of two carbenes 184of two π -acceptors 147Covalent model 4, 14, 165CpCo(CO) 195CpFe(CO)2 195[CpFe(CO)2 ]2 201CpML3 194Cp2 M 129Cp2 M bent 131Cp2 MLn 130, 131CpMn(CO)3 194Cp2 MoCl2 131Cp2 NbH3 131, 132, 133CpNi 195[CpRh(CO)]2 202Cp2 Ta(CH3 )(CH2 ) 166, 169, 170Cp2 W(CH3 )(CH2 ) 170Cp2 ZrCl2 132CR 2 165[CR 2 ]2− 165, 170CR 3 5, 24[Cr(CN)6 ]3− 124Cr(CO)3 (η6 -C6 H6 ) 9, 11, 12, 77[Cr(CO)4 (η2 -BH4 )]− 203[Cr(CO)4 ]− 203[Cr(CO)4 (BH4 )]− 203Cr(CO)5 60, 161, 190[Cr(CO)5 ]− 60, 62, 86Cr(CO)6 49, 86, 110, 188, 194Cr(η6 -C6 H6 )2 34[Cren3 ]3+ 72[CrF6 ]3− 124[Cr(NH3 )6 ]3+ 49[Cr(PR 3 )6 ] 188[CuCl4 ]2− 68[CuCl5 ]3− 73Cu(CO) 195[Cu(CN)3 ]2− 74[Cu(CN)4 ]3− 66[Cu(PMe3 )4 ]+ 66[CuMe2 ]− 76[Cupy4 ]2+ 68[Cu(SR)3 ]2− 74Cyclobutane 202Cyclopentadienyl 6, 77, 129, 194Cyclopropane 200, 201, 202Indexd blockdefinition 45representations 45δ bond 174Deoxyhaemoglobin 61Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model 125, 127,129, 143, 153Direct products 224Donation 109Electron count 4, 133, 165Electronegativity scale 10Electronic configuration 31, 33, 85Ethylene see C2 H4[Fe(CN)6 ]3− 50, 136[Fe(CN)6 ]4− 49, 136[Fe(CO)3 ]− 190[Fe(CO)4 ] 66, 81, 190, 195, 196[Fe(CO)4 ]− 66[Fe(CO)5 ]+ 189Fe(CO)5 9, 11, 12, 72, 190Fe2 (CO)8 81, 197, 200Fe3 (CO)12 201Fe(CO)3 (η4 -cyclobutadiene) 77Fe(CO)4 (CH2 ) 199Fe(CO)4 (CR 2 ) 81Fe(CO)4 (η2 -C2 H4 ) 72, 142, 200Fe(η5 -C5 H5 )2 see ferrocene[Fe(H2 O)6 ]2+ 50Ferrocene 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 49, 129, 130Fischer carbene 168Fragment orbitals 187, 190Group theory 113, 205H2 O 4, 26, 32, 213, 221, 222, 230H2 O (MO) 225, 230H2 S 26Hapticity 4[HgCl5 ]−3 73Hg(CN)2 76[HgI3 ]− 76[Hg(SR)3 ]− 74Hybridization (d2 sp3 ) 188Hydrogenoïd atoms 20Improper rotation axes 209Interactionback-donation 109, 143, 145, 155donation 109, 143, 145δ 171π 19, 97, 101, 125, 133, 171σ 19, 125, 171Interaction diagram (complete) 41Interaction diagram (simplified)antibonding MO 30bonding MO 30nonbonding MO 30Inversion centre 206Ionic model 12, 14, 15, 33, 129, 131, 132, 165Ir(CO)Cl(PPh3 )2 9, 11, 12, 15, 32, 53, 67Ir4 (CO)12 203[Ir(NH3 )6 ]3+ 49Ir(PR 3 )2 ClH2 9, 11, 12Ir(PCy3 )2 HClMe 161Isolobal analogy 185, 192, 194Jahn-Teller distortion 163Kubas’ complex 152, 154La(HC(SiMe3 )2 )3 77Lewis acids 169Lewis bases 12LigandsA 27AH 27AH2 26AH3 25bridging 8L 4Ll Xx 5π -acceptors 97, 104, 164, 168single-face, double-face 105π -donors 97, 98, 164, 169single-face, double-face 99polydentate 7X 5MCl6 123M(CN)6 136M(CO)6 123MCp2 129Metallacyclopropane 127ML 84ML2 bent 83, 88, 178ML2 linear 74, 92ML2 (η2 -C2 H4 ) 181ML3 pyramidal 77, 186, 190, 192ML3 T-shaped 79, 182ML3 trigonal-planar 73, 88, 138, 236, 242,250ML3 (CO)3 mer 120ML4 butterfly 81, 88, 186, 189, 192, 193ML4 pyramidal 86ML4 square-planar 51, 65, 66, 86, 87, 135,178, 184, 231, 250π system 138ML4 tetrahedral 62, 65, 66, 87, 88, 234ML4 (η2 -C2 H4 ) 141ML4 (η2 -C2 H4 )2 147ML4 Cl2 cis 137ML4 Cl2 trans 111, 114, 118ML4 (CO)2 trans 116, 118ML4 O2 dioxo 182ML5 SBP 53, 56, 87, 93, 153, 157, 160, 172,174, 185, 188, 189, 192ML5 TBP 69, 72, 89, 136, 238ML5 T-shaped or Y-shaped 160, 162ML5 (η2 -C2 H4 ) 126, 144ML5 Cl 101ML5 (CO) 108ML6 octahedral 38, 133, 136, 161, 188, 240ML7 PBP 137M2 L8 174, 197M2 L10 172,177, 196[MnCl5 ]2− 61, 87Mn(CO)3 (η5 -C5 H5 ) 77[Mn(CO)4 ]− 190Mn(CO)5 62, 189, 190, 192, 196[Mn(CO)5 ]− 60, 62, 72Mn(CO)5 (CH3 ) 196, 202[Mn(CO)6 ]+ 9, 11, 12, 15Mn2 (CO)10 60, 196[MnO4 ]− 66Mo(CO)5 60, 160Mo(CO)6 49Modelcovalent 4, 14, 165Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson 125, 127, 129,143, 153ionic 12, 14, 15, 33, 129, 131, 132, 165[MoO2 Cl4 ]2− 183Mo(PMe3 )4 (η2 -C2 H4 )2 147[Mo(PR 3 )2 Cl2 ]2 11Mo(PR 3 )5 (η2 -C2 H4 ) 144Nb(NMe2 )5 61NH2 26NH3 32, 215, 221, 223, 247NH3 (MO) 227, 249[NiCl4 ]2− 66[Ni(CN)4 ]2− 53, 67, 135[Ni(CN)4 ]4− 66[Ni(CN)5 ]3− 9, 11, 12, 15, 60, 62, 72, 87Ni(CO)2 195Ni(CO)3 74, 138Ni(CO)4 66[Ni(H2 O)6 ]2+ 9, 11, 12Ni(PF3 )4 66Ni(PR 3 )2 (η2 -C2 H4 ) 83NR 2 5, 8NR 3 4, 25Number of electrons 8, 33IndexO2 7OH2 see H2 OOR 5, 8Orbital interactionsDewar-Chatt-Duncanson 125three-orbital diagram 89two orbitals with different energies 17two orbitals with the same energy 16Orbitals3d 21energies in complexes 94fragment 187, 190ligand, π interactions 26ligand, σ interactions 24metal, description 20metal, energies 23, 139, 167polarization of 88, 89, 92, 93symmetry-adapted 42, 225, 231Os(CO)4 198Os(CO)5 72Os3 (CO)12 198, 201[Os(NH3 )4 (CR 2 )(H2 )]2+ 183[OsO2 F4 ]2− 183Overlap 17, 138, 143, 148, 149, 151, 172, 229Oxidation state 9, 33Oxidative addition 53, 154, 176[Pd2 L6 ]2+ 79[Pd(NH3 )4 ]2+ 67Pd(PPh2 (CH2 )2 PPh2 )2 178Pd(PPh2 (CH2 )2 PPh2 )2 Me2 178PF3 26PF5 209PH2 26PH3 25Point groups 210Polarisation of orbitals 88, 89, 92, 93PR 2 8PR 3 4, 25, 133Projection operator 225[PtCl4 ]2− 53, 135, 208, 209Pt(PPh3 )3 182[Re2 Cl8 ]2− 174[Re2 Cl8 (H2 O)2 ]2− 174Re(CO)5 60, 173, 189Re2 (CO)10 60, 173Reduction formula 220Reductive elimination 53, 176, 184Reflection planes 205[ReH9 ]2− 13Representationirreducible 212reducible 212, 221[Rh(PPh3 )3 ]+ 79, 86, 182Rh(PPh3 )3 Cl 32, 33, 53, 67, 135Rotation axes 207Ru(CO)5 72Ru(η6 -C6 H6 )(η4 -C6 H6 ) 34[Ru(NH3 )6 ]2+ 49[Ru(NH3 )6 ]3+ 49Ru(PPh3 )3 Cl2 160Ruleeighteen-electron 8, 31, 134HOMO 61, 147octet 32Symmetry-adapted orbitals 42, 225, 231Symmetry groups 210Tetrahedrane 203TiCl3 Me 160TiCl3 (Me2 P(CH2 )2 PMe2 )Me 157TiCl3 (PH3 )2 Me 157TiCl4 66, 135Ti(PR 3 )2 Cl3 Me 9, 11, 12Trace 215Vaska’s complex 53VCl4 9, 11, 12WCl6 49, 134, 135, 185W(CO)4 (CS) 60W(CO)5 60, 160W(CO)6 44, 133, 185W(CO)(η2 -C2 H2 )3 84W(CO)3 (PR 3 )2 160W(CO)3 (PR 3 )2 (η2 -H2 ) 9, 11, 12, 49, 152,154Weak field 47Wilkinson’s catalyst 32, 33, 53, 135WMe6 135W(PR 3 )6 133Y(HC(SiMe3 )2 )3 77Schrock carbenes 168SH2 see H2 SSiH2 26Spectrochemical series 48, 124SR 8Strong field 47Zeise’s salt 79[ZnCl4 ]2− 9, 11, 12, 66ZrCl4 135[Zr(η5 -C5 H5 )Me]+ 9, 11, 12.

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