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As the twenty-first century dawns, scientists—like the ancients long before them--are still grappling with the very moment of creation, before the radiation, inflation, and Planck eras. Many believe that unveiling that moment is connected to the development of a Grand Unified Theory, a single explanation that fits all of the known laws of the universe—including Einstein’s General Relativity Theory and quantum mechanics, the study of energy and matter at the sub-atomic level—into a single equation. As British physicist Stephen Hawking notes, "At the Big Bang, the universe and time itself came into existence, so that this is the first cause. If we could understand the Big Bang, we would know why the universe is the way it is. It used to be thought that it was impossible to apply the laws of science to the beginning of the universe, and indeed that it was sacrilegious to try. But recent developments in unifying the two pillars of twentieth-century science, Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and the Quantum Theory, have encouraged us to believe that it may be possible to find laws that hold even at the creation of the universe."

References

1. Farrell, John. The Day without Yesterday: Lemaître, Einstein, and the Birth of Modern Cosmology. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2005.

2. Fox, Karen C. The Big Bank Theory: What It Is, Where It Came from, and Why It Works. New York: Wiley, 2002.

3. Hawking, Stephen. A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. New York: Bantam, 1988.

4. Levin, Frank. Calibrating the Cosmos: How Cosmology Explains Our Big Bang Universe. New York: Springer, 2007.

5. Singh, Simon. Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. New York: Fourth Estate, 2004.

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