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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ А

Раздел 1

Теоретические основы международного туризма

Студент гр. 340 А.С. Цюпа

Консультант кафедры «Иностранные языки и межкультурная коммуникация»

Преподаватель Н.А.Тимошенко

Introduction

International tourism is one of the most active and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. The rapid growth of the influence of tourism on the global economy in general and on the economy of individual countries and regions is one of the most significant, permanent and long-term trends, which accompanies the formation and development of the world economy. It becomes apparent in the transformation of tourism into a major industry of the national economy, focused on meeting the unique needs of the population. The diversity of these needs is met, not only tourism enterprises and enterprises of other sectors, underlining the importance of tourism as one of the factors multiplicative effects on the economy. Tourism is one of the key factors of global integration processes, and the tourist business is now a significant sector of the economy.
Khabarovsk territory, possessing unique natural resources and unique culture of the far Eastern people, has an immense potential for tourism development at the international and regional markets.
The tourism potential of recreational resources and historical and cultural heritage allows Khabarovsk Krai smoothly integrate into the international tourism market and to achieve intensive development of tourism in the country. This will ensure sustainable growth of employment and incomes, the promotion of the development related to tourism sector and increase the inflow of investments into the national economy.
The tourism industry in the Khabarovsk region at the state level is recognized as one of priority branches of economy of the Far East. The analysis of statistical data indicates a growing interest in the tourism product and favorable growth trends in the number of tourists and expand markets.

Начало формы

Конец формы

Our region is becoming more attractive for businessmen, athletes, scientists, lovers of extreme tourism, as well as for people interested in the history and present day countries.
Since most of the territory is occupied by mountains, lakes and wildlife are concerned, they are the most attractive resource for travelers abroad. Adventure tourism is in high demand on the world tourist market.
Besides the natural beauties and attractions, Khabarovsk Krai is rich in historical and cultural monuments. The transit tours to the far East is especially important, as it will give the Khabarovsk region the opportunity increasingly attracting the interest of countries such as Japan, Malaysia, China, Korea, and European countries.
The purpose of the final work is the study of the current state of international tourism in Khabarovsk territory, its impact on the economy, and the identification of the problems and prospects of development of international tourism.
Achieving this goal required the formulation and solution of a number of tasks such as:
 to explore the basic theoretical aspects of international tourism;
 to disclose the value of international tourism in the economy of the Khabarovsk territory;
 to investigate the structure of the tourism industry and the potential of tourism resources;
 to analyze the factors influencing the development;
 to identify the main problems and prospects of development of international tourism in the Khabarovsk territory.
Final work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion and list of used literature.
The first Chapter of the work ‘Theoretical basis for the development of international tourism’ is devoted to the theoretical aspects of international tourism, its concept, definition and place in the global economy. This Chapter examines the forms and types of international tourism and its role and importance in the economy in certain regions of the world, based on statistics from the world Tourism Organization, the world Council for tourism and travel and other organizations.

In the second Chapter ‘Potential of international tourism development in the Khabarovsk Krai’ will discuss the current state of international tourism in the Khabarovsk region, analyzing the structure of the tourism industry as a whole and the individual elements of the industry. This Chapter examines the potential of tourist resources of the Khabarovsky Krai.
In the third Chapter, ‘Problems and prospects of development of international tourism in the Khabarovsk region’ is devoted to the study of development prospects and the main directions of international tourism in the Khabarovsk territory. As well as search and lightness of modern problems identified in this sector. In addition, this Chapter discusses the public policy issues of development of international tourism. Special attention is paid to investigation of the concept of tourism development in the Khabarovsk region by 2020.
The methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian scientists G. A. Avanesova, I. V. Arzhenovskiy, N. And. Boskonovich, V. P. Bogolyubov, E. V. Vavilova, A. L. Gaponenko, A. A. Gvozdenko, V. V. Goncharova, A. G. Granberg, D. V. Ermilova, M. A. Zhukova, V. V. Ivanter, V. L. Luneva, M. A. Morozova, E. A. Soboleva, V. S. Sutyagin, R. A. fatkhutdinova, E. E. Filippovsky, A. D. Chudnovsky and others.
Research several important issues of tourism and the tourism economy would be impossible without acquaintance with the works of such researchers as A. I. Balabanov, I. T. Balabanov, V. G. Gulyaev, M. V. Efremov,I. V. Zorin,N. And. Babushkin, V. A. Kvartalnov, B. M. Kozyrev, G. A. Papyan, , Y. V. Dark, K. V. Hermanovich and others.
An important contribution to the study of fundamental problems connected with formation and implementation of regional target programs of development, scientists made a V. I. Arzhenovskiy, A. P. Ihatov, I. P. Danilenko, L. I. Erokhina, G. M. Malyshev and others.

A great contribution to study the problem made modern scholars, such as N. I. Garanin, S. P. Glinkina, F. I. Ereshko, V. N. Sharafutdinov, N. And. Ilyin, E. Y. Kolbowski, O. V. Lysikova, B. B. Prokhorov, A. V. Suvorov, and others.
Research methods: systematic, cluster, SWAT analysis; studying economic, philosophical, psychological, tourist literature, curricula and programs in the problem under consideration; sociological methods (observation, survey, questionnaire, expert assessment); economic calculations.

1 Theoretical foundations of international tourism

1.1 Concept, features and importance of international tourism

Today, there are many interpretations of the notion of tourism. This may be due to high dynamics of development of this phenomenon in the XXI century. Every year tourist industry provides us with new opportunities, routes and destinations. In addition, tourism is also a subjective-psychological imprint. Every man has his fills this concept close to him meaning, so it is necessary to consider several interpretations of this concept.

According to UNWTO tourism is divided into domestic, inbound and outbound. From this point of view to international tourism can be attributed to the entry and exit.

Thus, international tourism is the movement of people from place of residence to another country in my spare time for the purpose of enjoyment and relaxation, as well as in guest, wellness, and educational or professional purposes, but without employment remunerated within the place visited.

Based on these definitions, we can conclude that international tourism has the following functions:

Restoration and relief from feelings of stress by changing the situation;

Educational - providing opportunities to expand the horizons;

Wellness - a variety of experiences is beneficial to physical and mental health.

Entertainment - introducing the new venue, residents, attending events, etc.;

And also, you can select the following functions:

Social status function - tourism as an indicator of quality of life;

Socio-economic function of tourism as a highly profitable sector;

Integrative function - tourism contributes to the development of international economic relations, the emergence of intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.

Some researchers believe that international tourism contributes to the strengthening of the cultural identity of different countries and peoples, the promotion of the traditions and heritage conservation, establishment of contacts on a personal level. Currently it is impossible to imagine tourism without activity for the production of the tourism product, for example, transport, hotels, etc. Here, an important point of view of the researcher M. M. Amirkhanova, which rests on the economic nature of tourism as an industry. She claims that this industry creates a demand for investment, stimulates and contributes to the creation of basic industrial infrastructure. In addition, Amirkhanov emphasizes that the development of tourism allows you to create new jobs and contributes to the growth of state revenues. Above positions allow us to more accurately represent tourism as a multifaceted phenomenon that affects different spheres of life of society.

There is a number of factors influencing international tourism.

The social factors include:

1. Individual perception of the world, personal preferences and wishes of the tourist, in which new types and directions of tourism;

2. Education, age, relationships in society (differentiation by age, education allows you to segment the market);

3. Previous life experience, the experiences of childhood, events in the family and at work, and stimulate renewed demand for memorable tourism;

4. The fashion for travel to certain countries, which makes some countries the leaders of world tourism;

5. A preference for the already existing and well-known travel brands;

6. Chronic stress and fatigue syndrome in workers. This is especially true in today's society, when a person needs a change of scenery;

7. The desire to expand your horizons;

8. The formation of the tourist market with an emphasis on the interests of older people and pensioners, as they have a lot of free time, which they, especially people from countries with a sufficiently high level of development, to spend on tourism, and trips can last for a long time, perhaps several years.

The presented classification shows that this group of factors significantly the most close to any person. From this we can draw the conclusion that should be given increased attention. It can also be assumed that a skillful analysis of these factors and their correct use, for example, in advertising, will significantly increase the demand for tourist services.

The next group is economic factors of tourism development, which shows the relationship between international tourism and the economy. So:

1. Revenue growth will undoubtedly lead to increased demand for tourist services;

2. Significant growth in sales expiring vouchers provided to low prices;

3. The change of the price of the tourist product on the market through the introduction of the bonus programs and the creation of discounts for regular customers;

The growth of economic development of the country, due to the high level of labour productivity in the real sector of the economy allows to send to the service sector a greater number of business resources;

5. Inflation and investment risks in the country. It is noticed that the higher, the more limited will develop tourism.

Thus, we can note the following trends: the growth of the economy contributes to the development of tourism, but at the same time, observed was an inverse relationship.

A particularly important group of factors is technology. In a world where everywhere introduced the achievements of R & d, these factors are unfairly paid little attention. Among them:

1. The development of transport infrastructure of mass use, starting with the arms race. (modification of the strategic bomber in multi-seat passenger aircraft);

2. The introduction of the latest scientific developments in special types of transport (for example, cruise-expedition tourism on the icebreakers);

3. Tourism development is implemented through the Internet, where everyone can pick out a suitable one for him personally itinerary, purchase tickets or travel package. In 2013, the percentage of travel booked online in USA amounted to 60%, in the UK 57% in Brazil and 31% in China and 22%, these rates are much higher [7];

4. The introduction of such technologies as GPS, to determine your location and help you find the correct route to the desired or necessary to place;

5. Create an online ‘Platma’ network in 2011, which exists to this day and includes 600 companies and organizations from 80 countries, which have become part of the UNWTO. This network gives you access to the latest information, trends, experience sharing conference on the Internet, etc.

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