CCNA3_M6_Switch_configuration (1130765)
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CCNA – Semester3Module 6Switch ConfigurationObjectives• Major components of a Catalyst switch• Examine the switch bootup• Configuring the switchStarting the SwitchPhysical startup of the Catalyst switch••Switches usually have severalports for the purpose ofconnecting hosts, as well asspecialized ports for thepurpose of management.Switches typically have nopower switch to turn them onand off. They simply connector disconnect from a powersource.Switch LED indicators• System LED: shows whether the system is receivingpower and functioning correctly.• RPS LED: indicates whether or not the remote powersupply is in use.• Mode LEDs: indicate the current state of the Modebutton, used to determine how the Port Status LEDs areinterpreted.
To select or change the port mode, pressthe Mode button repeatedly until the Mode LEDs indicatethe desired mode.• Port Status LEDs: meanings depend on the currentvalue of the Mode LED.Verifying port LEDs during switch POST• Once the power cable is connected, the switch initiatesa series of tests called the power-on self test (POST) toverify that the switch functions correctly.• Port Status LEDs:– turn amber for 30s: discovering the network topology– turn green: established a link between the port and a device– turn off: nothing is plugged into the portInitial bootup output• The initial bootup output shows information about theswitch, details about POST status, and data about theswitch hardware.Examining help in the switch CLI• The command-line interface (CLI) for Ciscoswitches is very similar to the CLI for Ciscorouters.• The help command is issued by entering aquestion mark (?).• This form of help is called command syntaxhelp, because it provides applicable keywordsor arguments based on a partial command.Switch command modes• Switches have several command modes.–––––User EXEC modePrivileged EXEC modeGlobal configuration modeInterface modeVlan modeShow commands in user EXEC modeConfiguring the SwitchVerifying the Catalyst switch default configuration• May be given an IP address for managementpurpose.
This is configured on the virtualinterface, VLAN 1.• Has no IP address.• Ports are set to auto mode, and all switch portsare in VLAN 1. VLAN 1 is known as the defaultmanagement VLAN.Flash directory content• The flash directory by default, has a file thatcontains the IOS image, a file called env_vars,and a sub-directory called html.• After configuring the switch, it may contain aconfig.text file, and a VLAN database.Configure from factory defaultIP configurationSet port speed and duplex settingshttp service and portWeb interface••Intelligent networking devicescan provide a web-basedinterface for configuration andmanagement purposes.Any additional software suchas an applet, can bedownloaded to the browserfrom the switch.
Also, thenetwork devices can bemanaged by a browser basedgraphical user interface (GUI).Managing the MAC address table•••To examine the addresses that a switch has learned, enter the privilegedEXEC command show mac-address–table.MAC address entry is automatically aged out after 300 seconds unused.To delete MAC table use privileged EXEC command clear mac-address-tabledynamicPermanent MAC address• The reasons for assigning a permanent MACaddress to an interface include:– The MAC address will not be aged out automatically bythe switch.– A specific server or user workstation must be attached tothe port and the MAC address is known.– Security is enhanced.Configuring static MAC addresses• To set a static MAC address entry for a switch:Switch(config)#mac-address-table static <mac-addressof host> vlan vlnointerface FastEthernet <Ethernet numer>• To remove this entry use the no form of thecommand• Eg: mac-address-table static 0010.7a60.1884vlan 1 interface f0/1Port security• To limit the number of addresses that can belearned on an interface.• The switch can be configured to take an action ifthis is exceeded.• The number of MAC address per port can belimited to 1.
The first address dynamicallylearned by the switch becomes the secureaddress.Configuring port securityManaging switch operating system file• An administrator should document and maintainthe operational configuration files fornetworking devices.• The most recent running-configuration fileshould be backed up on a server or disk.• The IOS should also be backed up to a localserver. The IOS can then be reloaded to flashmemory if needed.2950 password recovery•Turn the switch off.
Turn it back on while holding down the “MODE”button on the front of the switch at the same time that the switch ispowered on. Release the “MODE” button after the STAT LED goes out.switch:flash_initswitch:load_helperswitch:dir flash:switch:rename flash:config.text flash:config.oldswitch:bootswitch#rename flash:config.old flash:config.textswitch#copy flash:config.text system:running-config••Change console and enable password(for other catalyst series, search for “catalyst password recovery” onwww.cisco.com)1900/2900 firmware upgrade• IOS and firmware images are periodicallyreleased with bugs fixed, new featuresintroduced, and performance improved.• If the network can be made more secure, or canoperate more efficiently with a new version ofthe IOS, then the IOS should be upgraded.• Firmware upgrade may be made via TFTP orXModemSummary••••••••••Monitoring switch activity and status using LED indicatorsThe major switch command modesThe default settings of a Catalyst switchSwitch basic configurationViewing the switch settings with a Web browserSetting interfaces for speed and duplex operationExamining and managing the switch MAC address tableConfiguring port securityPerforming password recovery on a switchUpgrading the IOS of a switchLab TopologyCCNA3 – Module6.
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