CCNA2_M3_Configuring_a_Router (1130721)
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CCNA – Semester2Module 3Configuring a RouterObjectives• Basic router configuration• The importance of backups and documentationConfiguring a RouterCLI Command ModesGlobal Configuration ModesPassword Configurationenable secret command, which is encrypted, is prefered and overide enable passwordConfiguring an interfaceInterfaces status• Router interfaces have 2 status indications:interface (up/down) and line protocol (up/down),the links only work if both are up.• By default, router interfaces are shutdown andthe status is: interface is administratively down,line protocol is downConfiguring serial link• One side must be considered a DCE and providea clocking signalRouter(config-if)#clock rate <link_speed(bps)>• On Cisco router, HDLC is the default encapsulation onserial linkRouter(config-if)#encapsulation <encap_type>• By default, serial interface is of DTE device, shutdownand have no ip address• Configure router hostname:Router(config)#hostname CenterCenter(config)#Router Commands: ShowRouter#show versionRouter#show interfacesRouter#show flashRAMNVRAMFlashInternetwork Operating SystemRouter#show processes CPURouter#show protocolsTablesandBuffersInterfacesActivePrograms ConfigurationFileBackupOperatingConfigurationSystemsFileRouter#show memRouter#show stacksRouter#show buffersRouter#show running-configOr Router#write termRouter#show startup-configOr Router#show configExamining the show Commands• There are many show commands that you can use toexamine the contents of files in the router and fortroubleshooting.• In both privileged EXEC and user EXEC modes, thecommand show ? provides a list of available showcommands.Show commands• show interfaces – Displays all the statistics for all theinterfaces on the router or show interfaces serial 0/1• show controllers serial – Displays information-specific tothe interface hardware• show clock – Shows the time set in the router• show hosts – Displays a cached list of host names andaddresses• show users – Displays all users who are connected to therouter• show history – Displays a history of commands that havebeen enteredShow commands• show flash – Displays information about flash memoryand what IOS files are stored there• show version – Displays information about the router andthe IOS that is running in RAM• show ARP – Displays the ARP table of the router• show protocol – Displays the global and interface specificstatus of any configured Layer 3 protocols• show startup-configuration – Displays the savedconfiguration located in NVRAM• show running-configuration – Displays the configurationcurrently running in RAMBack to default configuration• Running configuration file can never be erasedbut you can bring router to default configurationerasing startup-config file and restart router:– erase startup-config– reload– Save configurations changes (yes/no)? noFinishing the ConfigurationConfiguration Standards• A standard is a set of rules or procedures that areeither widely used or officially specified.• Configuration, security, performance, and otherissues must be adequately addressed for thenetwork to function smoothly.• Creating standards for network consistency helpsreduce network complexity, the amount ofunplanned downtime, and exposure to events thatmay have an impact on network performance.Description and Banner•An interface description should be used to notify important information such as adistant router, a circuit number, or a specific network segment.•A login banner is a message that is displayed at login and is useful for conveyingmessages that affect all network users, such as notices of impending systemshutdowns.Host Name Resolution• Host name resolution is the process that a computersystem uses to associate a host name with an IP address.• Host names, unlike DNS names, are significant only on therouter on which they are configured.ip host commandRouter (config)#ipip hosthost hostnamehostname [tcp-port[tcp-port number]number] address1address1 [address2…address8][address2…address8]• Defines a static hostname-IP mappingip address commandDescriptionhostnamename of host, can be a combination of character &numbertcp-port numberTCP port to connect to when using host name withEXEC connect or telnet commands, default is 23(telnet)address1IP address represented by hostnameaddress2…8(Optional) may specify up to 8 IP addressesip name-server commandRouter (config)#ipip name-servername-server server-addr1server-addr1 [server-addr2…server-addr6][server-addr2…server-addr6]• Defines one or more DNS serversip name-server command Descriptionname-servername of host, can be a combination ofcharacter & numberserver-addr1IP address of primary name serverserver-addr2…serveraddr6(Optional) may specify up to 6 additional IPaddressesip domain-lookup commandRouter (config)#ipip domain-lookupdomain-lookup• Enables the use of DNS• Enable by defaultshow hosts EXEC commandRouter#showshow hostshostsdisplay a cached list of HOST table.show hosts commandDescriptionHostHost name learntFlagStatus of this host name entrypermanent (perm)Permanent entry as entered by administrator into router configurationtemporary (temp)Host name entry learnt by DNS server (removed after 72 hours ofinactivity)OKEntry is validEXEntry is expired??Not sure about this entry, need to re-validateAgeTime interval (in hours) router last referred to this entryTypeProtocol field (IP, HP-IP)Address(es)Layer 3 address(es) associated with hostnameHOST TableLoopback InterfaceRouter (config)#interfaceinterface loopbackloopback loopback_interface_numberloopback_interface_number• A virtual interface that is always up and allowssessions (BGP, RSRB…) to stay up even if the outbound interface is down• Packets routed to the loopback interface arererouted back to the router or access server andprocessed locally.•Use loopback interface to simulate an activeinterfaceConfiguration backup and documentation• Management of device configuration includes thefollowing tasks:– Listing and comparing configuration files on running devices– Storage of configuration files on network servers– Performing software installations and upgradesConfiguration File with TFTP serverConfiguration File with Hyper Terminal••••Use terminal length 0 to display all the output from commands atonceStart Capture textShow running-configStop Capture textSummary••••Router name, description, banner, hosts..Configure router interfaceRouter show commandsBackup configuration filesLab TopologyF0/0F0/0S0/0S0/1Lab_ELab_BS0/1S0/0S0/0S0/1S0/1Lab_CLab_AS0/0S0/0F0/0F0/0S0/1Lab_FLab_DF0/0F0/0PortLab_ALab_BLab_CLab_DLab_ELab_FS0/0201.10.11.1/24199.6.13.1/24204.204.7.1/24192.168.3.1/2434.10.120.1/16N/AS0/1N/A201.10.11.2/24199.6.13.2/24204.204.7.2/24192.168.3.2/2434.10.210.5/16F0/0172.16.11.1/16172.18.12.1/24172.16.11.2/16172.17.13.1/16172.18.12.2/24172.17.13.2/16CCNA2 – Module3.
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