CCNA1_M10_Routing_Fundamentals_Subnets (1130709), страница 2

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So172.16.1.100 with subnet mask 255.255.240.0 maybe written as 172.16.1.100/20Subnetting example• Given network 172.16.0.0.• We need 8 usable subnets and up to1000 hosts on each subnet.Calculating a subnet1. Determine the class of network anddefault subnet mask.2. Determine how many bits to borrow.Determine the subnet mask and theactual number of subnets and hosts.3. Determine the ranges of host address foreach subnet. Choose the subnets thatyou want to use.Calculating a subnet: STEP 1• Determine the Class of networkxClass B• Determine the default subnet maskx255.255.0.0Calculating a subnet: STEP 2• Number of subnets <= 2n - 2 with n isnumber of bits that are borrowed.• Number of hosts <= 2m - 2 with m is numberof remaining bits.• Determine how many bits to borrow fromthe host portion from requirement:– 8 subnets.– 1000 hosts on each subnet.• Choose n = 4:– Number of possible subnets is:24 - 2 = 14– Number of possible hosts on each subnet is:2(16-4) - 2 = 4094Calculating a subnet: STEP 2 (Cont.)xThe subnet mask: 255.255.240.0.Calculating a subnet: STEP 3 (Cont.)• Determine the subnets from 4 borrowedbits from the host portion (last 2 bytes):• 1st subnet:.00000000.00000000• 2nd subnet:.00010000.00000000• 3rd subnet:.00100000.00000000• …• 15th subnet:.11110000.00000000Calculating a subnet: STEP 3 (Cont.)NoSub-networkaddressPossible host addressBroadcastaddressUse?0172.16.0.0172.16.0.1 – 172.16.15.254172.16.15.255N1172.16.16.0172.16.16.1 – 172.16.31.254172.16.31.255Y2172.16.32.0172.16.32.1 – 172.16.47.254172.16.47.255Y....................13172.16.208.0172.16.208.1 – 172.16.223.254172.16.223.255Y14172.16.224.0172.16.224.1 – 172.16.239.254172.16.239.255Y15172.16.240.0172.16.240.1 – 172.16.255.254172.16.255.255NCalculating a subnet: STEP 3 (Cont.)• Using subnets No.1 to No.8.• Assign IP addresses to hosts andinterfaces on each network.

IP addressconfiguration.Lab Companion• 10.3.5b Subnetting a Class A Network• 10.3.5c Subnetting a Class B Network• 10.3.5d Subnetting a Class C NetworkSummary••••••••Router protocolConnection-oriented vs. connectionlessProcess in routerIP packet structureRouting protocol and routing tableRouting algorithm and metricsRouting categoriesSubnetting and calculate subnetworks.

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