Деловой иностранный язык - ответы на вопросы на СтудИзбе

The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept

Big data is … scalable than traditional data.

• less
• more
• the most
• the least

Linux is distributed under an … license

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tub E. What were the initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?

• Transistors had longer lifespan, were smaller and many of them could be placed on a single chip
• Transistors were larger, while consuming far less power. They were more reliable
• Small vacuum tubes’ production cost was much higher. Tubes’ material turned out to be harmful for people’s skin

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?

• Number of supported hardware platforms and the quality of that support; various development tools; advanced network facilities
• Unlimited number of tasks; it's the first commercial real-time OS designed for building highly reliable fault-tolerant systems
• Their protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique; keeps specific hardware running smoothly

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from 1613.What did the “computer” use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?

• It was used for people who have a high level of intelligence
• It was used for a device which helped ships to calculate their latitude at sea
• It was used for people who performed repetitive mathematical operations

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”

Artificial intelligence is becoming more standardized, making it more accessible to a subject-matter expert who isn’t necessarily a knowledge engineering expert. What standards are becoming more common accessible and useful today?

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Remote Data Access (RDA)
• American National Admissions Institute (ANSI) Structured Join Language (SQL)
• Object Management Group (OMG) – Common Object Broker Architecture (CORBA)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)
• Web Ontology Language (OWL), Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language, Win Interchange Format (KIF)

Examples of intellectual property are … (choose 2 correct answers)

• books
• brand names
• state symbols
• news reports

A company deals with tasks which take a long time to completE. Each worker has their duties that can be done offlin E. It’s essential for managers to estimate how long a task will take to be complete D. The company uses a time-sharing system and all the users are able to finish their work in the system at the same tim E. However they noticed their gadgets to slow down fast. Also the workers notice the inconvenience while managing large workloads. What may be causing these problems? What decision should the company make?

• The company wants to execute a lot of things at the same time, which is now impossible, so each worker needs to use different languages to get the job don E. In their case the company should use Operating System
• Workers cannot send direct instructions to the complier to execute various activities since it is extremely difficult for the user to transform their request or instruction into one language E. In their case the company should use InputOutput System
• The company uses a system that dedicates time to a certain activity and frequently switches between the computers, which is overloading while completing long tasks. In their case the company should use Batch System

Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”

• must
• should
• have to
• to have to

Some examples of corporate information systems are …

• customer relationship management (CRM) systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and supply chain management (SCM) systems.
• email systems, social media platforms, and search engines.
• accounting software, graphic design software, and video editing softwarE.
• Internet and business applications.

The technology that allows users to enter a simulated environment and interact with it as if it were real is …

• a social robot
• a virtual reality
• a speech recognition
• a decision support system

A process of spreading the use of digital technology such as computers and the internet to do something is called …

AI stands for …

IT infrastructure includes …

• hardware, software, and network resources
• only hardware resources
• only software resources
• only network resources

The legal protection granted to the creator of a software program that prevents others from copying or using it is a …

The main purpose of an ERP (enterprise resource planning) system is …

• to manage a company's interactions with customers
• to track customer behavior, preferences, and purchase history
• to manage a company's resources such as inventory, production, and finances
• to build stronger relationships with customers

The role of a system integrator is...

• to create new technologies
• to identify potential problems or conflicts between different systems
• to sell different technologies
• to repair different technologies

Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents. What does a massive use of cryptography lead to?

• Among other things, it leads to protection of accounting for payment by subscribers of a digital communication channel
• It leads to the dissemination of obscene materials that pose a threat to the moral foundations of society, because people feel free when they can act anonymously, distribute, buy and sell illegal materials with low chance of tracing them
• It leads to a significant improvement of the identification of people by automatic machines when crossing the borders of states

The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society

• industrial
• knowledge
• information
• post-industrial

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”

One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …

• South-East
• West-East
• South-North
• North-East

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”

Cell phones are …, making it possible to provide everyone with communication channels

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”

Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it …

• produced a lot of heat
• consumed far less power
• took 1 to 2 minutes to warm up
• were less reliable and had a shorter lifespan

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”

The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

• one year
• five years
• two or three years
• four or six years

Put the correct conjunction of purpose:CRM is a software used … consolidate customer information and document it into a single CRM databasE.

… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year is … (give the abbreviation)

Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, and some analysts believe that this shortfall will limit … usage development in the next few years

The main goal of artificial intelligence is

• to mimic human behavior
• to provide humans with advanced technologies
• to be used in scientific research
• to interact with humans

… is when you copy and paste someone else’s work without giving proper credit.

• Complete plagiarism
• Direct plagiarism
• Self-plagiarism
• Mosaic plagiarism

Put these computer technologies in order from the first to fifth generation:

1. Vacuum tube
2. Transistor technology
3. Integrated Circuit (IC) technology
4. Microprocessor technology
5. Software technology and AI (artificial intelligence)

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”

The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies

• people
• society
• industry
• world

A UNIX based operating system, was originally developed in the mid-’90s. Its major offerings include scalability, interoperability, data management and security, all of which are crucial for businesses that need high-end operating software E. In addition to the above, it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well. Which operating system is described:

• Solaris, which is known as Oracle Solaris since 2010 when Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems
• Ubuntu, built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian
• Free BSD, developed in the University of California by a large community

It … be noted that the problem of inequality in access to new information technologies is acute not only at the international level, but also at the micro level within each individual state

• must
• have to
• has to
• should

Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?

• The RTS software is a fixed set of pre-developed modules, and the choice of a program for execution is carried out by interrupts (based on the current state of the object) or in accordance with the scheduled work schedule
• It is the opposite of “necessary”, as the combination of thread priorities can lead to problems such as priority inversion and deadlock
• RTOS needs to share resources. There are a lot of real-time process and system resources for their operation must be available in advance

Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market

• abacus
• memory
• calculators
• block note

The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation

• Colossus
• Turing machine
• Differential Analyzer
• Atanasoff-Berry computer

RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)

• high performance
• availability of monitoring tools
• support for various special equipment
• a runtime system and a development system

Vacuum tubes were discovered to have a number of flaws, for example … (choose 3 correct answers)

• they produced very little of heat
• they took 1 to 2 minutes to warm up
• two similar tubes had varying output and operational properties
• they required high power supply voltages of 300 volts dc and higher

… is the branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society

… means compilers produce code that does not contain absolute addresses

• Relocatability
• Performance
• Scalability
• System integration

Data access can be difficult due to many problems. Which of the following situations describes the documentation problem?

• I need your information now or I won't be able to use it. The data transfer process is too slow, possibly unavailable E. Because you have an older system, the migration process is too slow and inefficient. I must have immediate access to your data; otherwise your data will not help me
• The systems are not connected to the same network. Your data is too inconvenient to downloa
• D. When the systems are not on the same network, downloading data can be too inconvenient. The widespread use of the World Wide Web has reduced the number of problems in this area, but separate networks will always exist
• Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not publishe D. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know what data sets they need

An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?

• The information society refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II
• According to Professor W. Martin attempted to formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the Social and Technological criteria
• The information society has been formed decades ago, and therefore has been widely studied from different angles; experts have reached the consensus regarding the “Information Society” term

Artificial Intelligence and nanotechnology are examples of … computers technologies

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

• the Colossus
• the Turing machine
• the Differential Analyzer
• the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … in 1948

• vacuum tube
• bipolar transistor
• field-effect transistor
• insulated-gate bipolar transistor

The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers

• two
• three
• four
• five

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

• This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing
• This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively
• This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

• social
• cultural
• economic
• technological

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

• list
• future
• number
• character

The primary benefits of obtaining a software patent are … (choose 2 correct answers)

• a shelf life
• a cost
• an exclusive right to make, use, license, and sell that software invention
• an advantage over the rivals

… is a technical person who builds new software systems

• System architect
• Project manager
• System designer
• Application developer

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, «information consciousness» is formed and affirmed with wide access to information

• social
• cultural
• economic
• technological

The … generation of computers is the most recent.

The explosion in world population and the rise of globalised trade demanded even faster and more flexible tools for processing …

• data
• trading
• building
• shipment

… is when you use a computer to copy or share materials that are protected by copyright without the creator’s permission.

• Plagiarism
• Cyber piracy
• Fair use
• Intellectual Property

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The power of computers (double) … roughly every 18 months to 2 years since the 1960s”

A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital is … economy

The network operating system, which allows users to copy files from …

• one station to another
• RAM to built-in memory
• RAM to Cloud memory
• a station to Cloud memory

Talent, intellectual property, finance, and technical experience will always be in demand as the global economy is revolutionised by … technology

• old
• new
• great
• cool

The second most important direction for strengthening accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of …

• passports
• GPS signals
• GLONASS
• cryptography

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etC. than other people, is called …

The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …

• W. Martin
• I. Rakitov
• N. Kurnosov
• F. Machlup

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”

Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

… was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language

• Unix
• Linux
• Multics
• Windows 95

… is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material, usually silicon

According to the … Institute, by 2055 unemployment will reach around 50 % of the total labor force (give or take 20 years depending on artificial intelligence growth)

• Oxford
• McKinsey
• Massachusetts
• Cambridge

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

1. Mark 1
2. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
3. Z1
4. abacus
5. EDVAC

A magnetic tape is one that had to be … attached

• manually
• alternately
• successively
• automatically

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”

The largest number of internet users currently in …

• China
• Russia
• the USA
• South Africa

A … is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element

The benefits of specialized RTOS include … (choose 2 correct answers)

• intolerance
• top performance
• long development time
• the greatest compactness

… time is the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended

The name GOOGLE is a registered …

• Patent
• Patent
• trade secret
• trademark
• Copyright

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain) … VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”

… operating systems are the systems that run on a server and manage all the networking functions

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the largest to the smallest:

1. the USA
2. China
3. Russia
4. Africa

The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers

• disseminating
• decreasing
• reduction
• removal

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”

The following could be considered a part of IT infrastructure… (choose 3 or more correct answers)


Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов




hardware


network resources


software


databases

Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share

• become
• becomes
• to become
• to be become

International Business Machine’s first mass-produced electronic stored-program … was IBM

Artificial Intelligence and nanotechnology are examples of … computers technologies

• first-generation
• second-generation
• fourth-generation
• fifth-generation

“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than E. g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

Arrange the operating systems in descending order of popularity in 2022 (according to website StatCounter GlobalStats):

1. Microsoft Windows
2. Apple Inc’s macOS
3. Chrome OS
4. Linux

The interrupt latency is the time interval from …

• an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event
• the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended
• the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)
• the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt

… business is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers

According to current rates of growth in microelectronics, … of the world’s population will own a notebook-size computer with the capacity of today’s huge computers in roughly a decade

• 30 %
• 40 %
• 50 %
• 80 %