Ответы на вопросы из коллекции "Университет «Синергия» Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности Психология (Темы 1-8 Промежуточные, Итоговый и Компетентностный тесты)"

… represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retinA. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for spatial.

When people are … they avert their gaze, which means they move their head down and to the side, exposing their neck.

… encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.

This scientist has spent his career looking at the structure and specific aspects of RNA molecules and how their interactions could help produce antibiotics and ward off diseases:

• Damasio
• Dr. Tom Steitz
• Colin Martindale

It seems that their energy is internally generated, due more to their focused minds than to the superiority of their …

• Genes
• Intellect
• Upbringing
• Health

In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an adequate creativity criterion.

Short-term memory takes information from … memory and sometimes connects that memory to something already in long-term memory.

… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.

According to your reading, nearly … of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obesE.

• one half
• one third
• one fourth
• one fifth

The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as … and observations to obtain quantitative datA. Group averages are statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.

There are also … processes. It’s easier to see what you expect to see, and the mind is constantly guessing at what will come next, and priming early visual areas to make seeing those things easier to do.

It probably required a lot of work and attention on your part in order to encode that information. This is known as ….

The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …

• Costa and McCrae
• Mednick
• Wallach and Kogan

Choose three right antithetical traits often present in creative people (Select 3 correct answers):

• Wisdom and childishness
• Bisexuality
• Concentration
• Hyperactivity
• Imagination
• Total arrogance

Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories of things are…

• Propositions
• Connected symbols
• Complex structures

… is not a dimension of job burnout:

• depersonalization
• hostility
• exhaustion
• diminished accomplishment

Neurons absorb … (select 2 correct answers):

• Sugar
• Oxygen
• Tissue
• Calcium

The following is usually stated about psychologists involved in personality assessment (Select 3 correct answers):

• ‘Depth’ psychologists are better at it than some other kinds of psychologist.
• Many of them accept that their conclusions are unreliablE.
• They receive criticism from psychologists not involved in the fielD.
• They have made people realise how hard the subject is.
• They have told people what not to do, rather than what they should do.
• They keep changing their minds about what the best approaches

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a … degree in psychology.

• bachelor of science
• bachelor of art
• master’s
• PhD

In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world:

Choose three types of encoding (not its processes) – Select 3 correct answers:

• Visual
• Effortful processing
• Automatic processing
• Acoustic
• Semantic
• Self-Reference Effect

Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What should we do to transfer information from STM into LTM?

• Information in short-term memory goes to long-term memory, or it is discardeD. Therefore, we need to create more active memories.
• Information in short-term memory goes to long-term memory, or it is discardeD. Therefore, we need to continuously repeat the information.
• Information in short-term memory goes to long-term memory, or it is discardeD. Therefore, we need to employ our sensory memory.

… refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experiencE.

You see these muscle movements—in the lips, around the eyes, and in the brow—when people are feeling aggressive, threatened, or frustrateD. Researchers think we make this expression when we’re … because it could protect the face in a physical conflict—for example, the furrowed eyebrows could protect the eyes

Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory and … memory.

… was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist. His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological Psychology was published in 1873

… was the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operatE. James was introduced to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of an organism’s characteristics.

Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.

Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:

• A. steps of the scientific method
• B. empirical method
• C. mental processes
• D. to analyze the results
• E. conscious experience
• F. internal perception
• G. to make a prediction
• H. to make an observation
• I. ступени научного метода
• J. эмпирический метод
• K. ментальные процессы
• L. анализировать результаты
• M. сознательный опыт
• N. внутреннее восприятие
• O. прогнозировать
• P. делать наблюдение

How can you organise information in the lecture? Match the beginnings and endings.

• A. question and
• B. problem and
• C. classification and
• D. advantages and
• E. comparison and
• F. cause and
• G. sequence of
• H. stages of a
• I. theories or opinions then
• J. supporting information
• K. process
• L. effect
• M. events
• N. solution
• O. answer
• P. definition
• Q. disadvantages
• R. contrast

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ….

• biology
• chemistry
• philosophy
• physics

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

• structuralism
• functionalism
• gestalt
• unconditional positive regard

The following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school.

• PhD
• PsyD
• master’s degree
• bachelor’s degree

One would need at least a(n) … degree to serve as a school psychologist.

• associate’s
• bachelor’s
• master’s
• doctoral

An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ….

• biological stage
• object permanence
• personality
• perception

Behaviorists studied objectively observable … partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observablE.

• behavior
• words
• personality
• understanding

An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.

• approach
• education
• phenomena
• process

… might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder would be helpful.

• an excellent approach
• self-correcting process
• the individual experiencing
• case studies

Put the words in the right order to make a question:

• 1 according to the article
• 2 "The New Science
• 3 of Happiness",
• 4 which of the following
• 5 is NOT one of
• 6 the top 4 things that
• 7 bring people the greatest happiness?

Put the following sentences in the right order:

• 1 The article "The New Science of Happiness" discusses.....
• 2 the top four things that bring people the greatest happiness.
• 3 The correct answer, holidays, is not included in the list. This....
• 4 suggests that while faith, children, and spouse/partner are considered important factors for happiness,
• 5 holidays are not seen as one of the top contributors.

Read the question below and select one correct answer based on the information provided in the course: Question: Why do you think many people might be sceptical about psychology being a science?

• Science cannot directly study the mind because it is not a form of matter or energy.
• These people simply don’t know all the facts about modern technology.
• Psychology is not and cannot be a science so these people are completely right.

The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.

The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.

Psychologists focus their attention on understanding …, as well as the psychological (mental) and physical processes that underlie it.

• behaviour
• intuition
• mind
• experience

Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:

• A. unconscious processes
• B. human behavior
• C. cognitive factors
• D. inductive reasoning
• E. deductive reasoning
• F. fundamental difference
• G. scientific approaches
• H. поведение человека
• I. индуктивное размышление
• J. бессознательные процессы
• K. когнитивные факторы
• L. фундаментальное различие
• M. дедуктивное размышление
• N. научные подходы

The types of reasoning in the framework of hypothesis or general premise and empirical observations are called …:

• practical and theoretical
• deductive and inductive
• empirical and theoretical

In … reasoning, empirical observations lead to new ideas:

… is most closely associated with the human approach to psychology.

• Carl Rogers
• Sigmund Freud
• Alfred Bandura
• Carl Jung

… perspective argues that the nervous system, glands and hormones, and genetic factors influence our behaviour.

• biological
• evolutionary
• cognitive

What name is given to the study of many individuals where an attempt is made to compare them with others?

• nomopathetic approach
• nomosynthetic approach
• nomothetic approach
• nonsensical approach

Freud s experiments in … gave rise to his “dream theory”.

These fields of psychology are most commonly practised in everyday lifE. (Select 2 correct answers)

• social
• psychodynamic
• clinical
• humanistic

Match the two parts of each term:

• A. bio-
• B. neuro-
• C. psycho-
• D. para-
• E. -psychology
• F. -biology
• G. -analysis
• H. –chemistry

Match the two parts of each word:

• A. dis-
• B. iden-
• C. reinfor-
• D. inhi-
• E. -odered
• F. -tity
• G. -cement
• H. –bition

Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:

• A. advantages and
• B. problem and
• C. classification and
• D. question and
• E. disadvantages
• F. solution
• G. definition
• H. answer

Match the two parts of the phrases:

• A. developmental
• B. classical
• C. drug
• D. psychology
• E. dependency
• F. conditioning

Read the text below and answer the question:

• They live from a place of having more internalized joy and looking for the joy
• They have a genetic predisposition that is impossible to influence later in life
• They avoid drama and practice ignorance to become distracted from everyday life

Amygdala is … .

• involved with the process of memory
• to learn how retain information
• to regulate emotions

The cognitive approach became the most important school of psychology during …

• the 1970s
• the 1930s
• the 1960s

Name one part of the brain which is responsible for memory: …

Who first demonstrated semantic encoding?

• Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving
• Richard Atkinson
• William Bousfield

Match the sins of memory and examples:

• A. Transience
• B. Absentmindedness
• C. Blocking
• D. Suggestibility
• E. Bias
• F. Persistence
• G. Forget events that occurred long ago
• H. Forget where your phone is
• I. Tip of the tongue
• J. Result from leading questions
• K. Align memories to current beliefs
• L. Traumatic events

… is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time

There are three types of encoding. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as … encoding.

Storage is the creation of a … record of information:

• Short-term
• Perpetual
• Permanent

The model of human …, called Atkinson-Shiffrin:

• Brain
• Hormones
• Memory

Put the words in the right order to make sentence:

• 1 Encoding
• 2 Involves
• 3 The input
• 4 Of
• 5 Information
• 6 Into
• 7 The memory system

In which order the topics are brought up in the lecture?

• 1 Memory
• 2 Encoding
• 3 Sensory memory
• 4 Other types of memory
• 5 Parts of the brain that are involved into process of memorizing
• 6 Sins of memory

In which order are mentioned scientists in the lecture?

• 1 William Bousfield
• 2 Fergus Clark and Endel Tulving
• 3 Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
• 4 Karl Lashley

If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. This is known as …, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.

Match the sins of memory and their types

• A. Blocking
• B. Bias
• C. Persistence
• D. Distortion
• E. Forgetting
• F. Intrusion

An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.

… created cognitive-mediational theory.

• Richard Lazarus
• Sigmund Freud
• Charles Darwin

Match these terms with their Russian equivalents:

• A. limbic system
• B. psychological appraisal
• C. physiological arousal
• D. hippocampus
• E. basolateral complex
• F. cognitive appraisal theory
• G. лимбическая система
• H. когнитивная оценочная теория
• I. гиппокамп
• J. базолатеральный комплекс
• K. психологическая оценка
• L. физиологическое возбуждение

… is a type of communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to words, are used to express or convey information.

We express … when we feel physically or psychologically threateneD. This facial expression is often confused with surprisE. But when we’re surprised, our eyes open wider, and our mouth isn’t pulled sideways.

Match the words to form complete phrases:

• A. Emotional and
• B. Dealing with
• C. Handling psychologically
• D. Overcoming
• E. social competencies of leaders
• F. necessary evils
• G. challenging work-related situations
• H. internal barriers to change

Match the words to form complete phrases and sentences:

• A. Understanding better
• B. Establishing more
• C. Gaining insights
• D. Increasing acceptance
• E. the principles of human behaviour within organizations
• F. productive working relationships
• G. into your own leadership motivations and behaviors
• H. of your ideas and work requests

Match the words to form complete phrases:

• A. Growth
• B. Emotional
• C. Social
• D. Self-
• E. mindset
• F. awareness
• G. skills
• H. regulation

Match the terms with their definitions:

• A. Empathy
• B. Nonverbal behavior
• C. Research
• D. Altruism
• E. the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling
• F. actions that can indicate an individual’s attitudes or feelings without speech
• G. suggests that empathic people tend to be more generous and concerned with others’ welfare, and they also tend to have happier relationships and greater personal well-being
• H. willingness to do things that bring advantages to others, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself

Put the topics in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:

• 1 What is emotion?
• 2 What is mood?
• 3 James-Lange’s theory
• 4 Cannon-Bard’s theory
• 5 What is differential emotion theory?
• 6 What is cognitive theory of emotion appraisal?

Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

• 1 the James-Lange theory
• 2 of emotion
• 3 suggests that
• 4 physical changes in the body
• 5 happen first,
• 6 which then leads to
• 7 to the experience

Read the text below and answer the question. Every time, after chatting with friends Anna notices that her mood depends on the mood of her friends. Often her mood worsens automatically after chatting with peoplE. Question: How can you explain this?

• Anna made it up on her own.
• Anna is a sensitive person.
• Anna is codependent.

… intelligence is closely aligned with academic problem solving and computations.

• Practical
• Creative
• Analytical
• Cultural

In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ….

• a group of same-age peers
• a representative sample
• children with mental disabilities
• children of average intelligence

… developed the IQ test most widely used today.

• Sir Francis Galton
• Alfred Binet
• Louis Terman
• David Wechsler

IQ stands for … and describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligencE.

… means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent.

… put forth the triarchic theory of intelligencE.

• Goleman
• Gardner
• Sternberg
• Steitz

… describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets.

People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed …

Put the words in order to make a sentence:

• 1 the results
• 2 of intelligence
• 3 tests
• 4 follow
• 5 the bell curve

Order the names of scientists that were mentioned in the lecture:

• 1 Sir Francis Galton
• 2 Alfred Binet
• 3 David Wechsler

Put these items in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:

• 1 Analytical intelligence
• 2 Emotional intelligence
• 3 Cultural intelligence
• 4 Flynn effect

Match intelligence types and their characteristics:

• A. Spatial Intelligence
• B. Bodily kinesthetic intelligence
• C. Intrapersonal intelligence
• D. Interpersonal intelligence
• E. Ability to perceive the relationship between objects and how they move in space
• F. High ability to control the movements of the body and use the body to perform various physical tasks G. Ability to access personal feelings and motivations, and use them to direct behavior and reach personal goals
• H. Ability to understand and be sensitive to the various emotional states of others

Match the terms and their definitions:

• A. Analytical intelligence
• B. Creative intelligence
• C. Standard deviations
• D. The bell curve
• E. Cultural intelligence
• F. Emotional intelligence
• G. Practical intelligence
• H. … is demonstrated by an ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast.
• I. … is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.
• J. … describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets
• K. … uses the standard deviation to show how all scores are dispersed from the average scorE.
• L. When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your…
• M. … encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.
• N. … you find solutions that work in your everyday life by applying knowledge based on your experiences. This type of intelligence appears to be separate from traditional understanding of IQ.

Read the text below and answer the question: Brian is a very smart boy, however, he doesn’t excel at school work. He frequently retakes exams, argues with his teachers, barely manages to keep up with his group mates academically. Outside of school, though, he is a star. Everyone knows that if they need help with something, they can go to Brian and he can figure out a way to resolve their situation. Question: How would you characterize Brian?

• Brian has got “street smarts” – practical intelligencE.
• Brian doesn’t like school and wants to become a celebrity.
• Brian is very helpful but not empathetic enougH.

Fluid intelligence is characterized by ….

• being able to recall information
• being able to create new products
• being able to understand and communicate with different cultures
• being able to see complex relationships and solve problems

Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 correct answers):

• adapt
• be hyperactive
• have low concentration

The studies of creative people suggest the following number of components of creativity:

• 3
• 4
• 5
• 7