🔥 База ответов на ВСЕ тесты по Деловой иностранный язык СИНЕРГИЯ 🔥

The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept

Big data is … scalable than traditional data.

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tub E. What were the initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from 1613.What did the “computer” use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”

Artificial intelligence is becoming more standardized, making it more accessible to a subject-matter expert who isn’t necessarily a knowledge engineering expert. What standards are becoming more common accessible and useful today?

A company deals with tasks which take a long time to completE. Each worker has their duties that can be done offlin E. It’s essential for managers to estimate how long a task will take to be complete D. The company uses a time-sharing system and all the users are able to finish their work in the system at the same tim E. However they noticed their gadgets to slow down fast. Also the workers notice the inconvenience while managing large workloads. What may be causing these problems? What decision should the company make?

Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”

A process of spreading the use of digital technology such as computers and the internet to do something is called …

Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents. What does a massive use of cryptography lead to?

The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”

One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”

Cell phones are …, making it possible to provide everyone with communication channels

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”

Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it …

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”

The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year is … (give the abbreviation)

Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, and some analysts believe that this shortfall will limit … usage development in the next few years

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”

The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies

A UNIX based operating system, was originally developed in the mid-’90s. Its major offerings include scalability, interoperability, data management and security, all of which are crucial for businesses that need high-end operating software E. In addition to the above, it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well. Which operating system is described:

It … be noted that the problem of inequality in access to new information technologies is acute not only at the international level, but also at the micro level within each individual state

Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?

Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market

The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation

RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)

Vacuum tubes were discovered to have a number of flaws, for example … (choose 3 correct answers)

… is the branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society

… means compilers produce code that does not contain absolute addresses

Data access can be difficult due to many problems. Which of the following situations describes the documentation problem?

An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … in 1948

The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

… is a technical person who builds new software systems

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, «information consciousness» is formed and affirmed with wide access to information

The explosion in world population and the rise of globalised trade demanded even faster and more flexible tools for processing …

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The power of computers (double) … roughly every 18 months to 2 years since the 1960s”

A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital is … economy

The network operating system, which allows users to copy files from …

Talent, intellectual property, finance, and technical experience will always be in demand as the global economy is revolutionised by … technology

The second most important direction for strengthening accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of …

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etC. than other people, is called …

The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”

Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

… was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language

… is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material, usually silicon

According to the … Institute, by 2055 unemployment will reach around 50 % of the total labor force (give or take 20 years depending on artificial intelligence growth)

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

1. Mark 1
2. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
3. Z1
4. abacus
5. EDVAC

A magnetic tape is one that had to be … attached

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”

The largest number of internet users currently in …

A … is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element

The benefits of specialized RTOS include … (choose 2 correct answers)

… time is the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain) … VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”

… operating systems are the systems that run on a server and manage all the networking functions

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the largest to the smallest:

1. the USA
2. China
3. Russia
4. Africa

The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”

Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share

International Business Machine’s first mass-produced electronic stored-program … was IBM

“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than E. g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

Arrange the operating systems in descending order of popularity in 2022 (according to website StatCounter GlobalStats):

1. Microsoft Windows
2. Apple Inc’s macOS
3. Chrome OS
4. Linux

The interrupt latency is the time interval from …

… business is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers

According to current rates of growth in microelectronics, … of the world’s population will own a notebook-size computer with the capacity of today’s huge computers in roughly a decade

RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)

For the past … years, the design of computer processors has remained stable

Most businesses don’t want to deal with non-core tasks, which include the IT infrastructure E. And if it has to pay for a data center, it has to function at maximum efficiency. Crisis situations are exacerbating resource shortages. Enterprises are cutting IT budgets, investing less in long-term projects in general and in data centers in particular. It is impossible to abandon IT altogether – it is equal to giving up doing business, but phased financing and speed of commissioning come to the for E. What do today’s IT managers face while having limited budgetary resources to expand data centers?

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “There was no such thing when the first computers (develop) … following WWII”

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “What will the computers of the future (look) … like?”

… are made for program logic and for computer memory

…. technologies are one of the most basic through technologies in many documents and by many experts

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Years ago this service (can) … be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing”

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

… is data that provides information about other data, but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself

… OS is an Android-based mobile operating system designed for Amazon’s phones

A … is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field

According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to … people

Harvard Mark I is …

Information management is an important part of knowledge-oriented businesses in the … century

In November 1985, Microsoft released … – computer operating system

Until the 1800s “computers” were …

The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s

Match the approaches to understanding the information society and their authors:

1. W. Martin
2. Rakitov
3. N. Kurnosov
4. the information society is understood as a «developed post-industrial society» that arose primarily in the West
5. the transition to the information society means that the most important product of social activity is the production, operation and use of services and knowledge, and the share of knowledge in this combination is increasing
6. the information society is dominated by remote communications, remote work and leisure; new relations are formed between people in the process of production and social activity

A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware … various activities

The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics