Лекция 2 2017 Численные типы данных, массивы, указатели (с заметками) (Лекции (2017))

ࡏфӐӌӍҺӝ ӎӏӍһӏҸӋӋӄӏӍҺҸӌӄӨсҿӈӗӄӨ ॏ ߞࡈ ߞ ӋҸӏӑҸ ߞߜߝߣ һࡏࡏhttp://xkcd.com/571ࡏࡏкӌҸӈӍӋӐӑҺӍџ ࡴ бӊҸҾӄӋӄӏ бӊҸҾӄӋӄӏӍҺӄӖ хҸӏӔӄӌҿӌӈӍࡈࡄ ҹҸӈҸӊҸҺӏ ӔӄӃӄӈӄ ࡫ыы࡬ࡈ ӋҸһӄӐӑӏ ӋҸӑҿӋҸӑӄӈӄ ࡫тты࡬ࡈࡄ ӎӏӍӔҿӐӐӄӍӌҸӊӛӌӝӅ ӎӏӍһӏҸӋӋӄӐӑ ࡫CʾżƚȀɯǞȩɟ࡬ࡈࡄ ӏҿһӒӊӨӏӌӍ ӖҿӋӒࡷӑӍ ӒӖӒ ࡫ыыࡈ Яышлࡈ ся ытя࡬ࡏпӍӌӑҸӈӑࡇ ʲȀŏƇǞȒǞɟࡏɔŏɟ˙ȘƚȘǺȩॅǃȒŏǞȀࡏżȩȒߞࡏࡏкҸӋҿӑӄӋࡈ ӖӑӍ Ӑ ӎӍӋӍәӛӧ ҾҺӒӕ ӊҸӋӎ ӋӍӂӌӍ ӎӏҿҾӐӑҸҺӄӑӛ ӖӄӐӊҸ Ӎӑ ߜҾӍ ߟࡏюҿӊӍӖӄӐӊҿӌӌӝҿ ӑӄӎӝ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡏࡏࡏеҺӍӄӖӌҸӨ ӐӄӐӑҿӋҸ ӐӖӄӐӊҿӌӄӨпӍӋӎӛӧӑҿӏӒ ӊҿһӈӍ ӏҸҹӍӑҸӑӛ Ӑ ӑҸӈӄӋӄ ӖӄӐӊҸӋӄࡏлӌҾҿӈӐ ʺߝߜ ҹӒҾҿӋ ӍӎӒӐӈҸӑӛࡏхӏҸҺӄӊҸ ӎҿӏҿҺӍҾҸ ӄӃ ҾҺӍӄӖӌӍӅ Һ ҾҿӐӨӑӄӖӌӒӧ ӄ ӍҹӏҸӑӌӍ ҺӝӕӍҾӄӑӃҸ ӏҸӋӈӄ ҾҸӌӌӍӅ ӊҿӈӗӄӄࡏчҸӋӝӅ ӎӏӍӐӑӍӅ ӋҿӑӍҾ ӃҸӎӄӐӄ ӖӄӐҿӊࡈ ӄӐӎӍӊӛӃӒӧәӄӅ ӑӍӊӛӈӍ ҾҺҿ ӗӄӔӏӝࡇ ߜ ӄ ߝࡏч ӎӍӋӍәӛӧ ȗ ӔӓӉӊӝӊӋ ӋӍӂӌӍ ӃҸӎӄӐҸӑӛ ߞȗ ӖӄӐҿӊࡏ000ߞ = ߜ,100ߞ = ߠ,001ߞ = ߝ,101ߞ = ߡ,010ߞ = ߞ,110ߞ = ߢ,011ߞ = ߟ,111ߞ = ߣ.ߠࡏࡏэӄӐӊҸ Һ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ ӈӍӋӎӛӧӑҿӏҸаҸӅӑ ࡷ ӋӄӌӄӋҸӊӛӌҸӨ ӨӖҿӅӈҸ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӈӍӑӍӏӒӧ ӈӍӋӎӛӧӑҿӏ ӋӍӂҿӑӖӄӑҸӑӛࡕӎӄӐҸӑӛࡏߝ ҿҾӋӗ ӐӍӐӑӍӄӑ ӄӃ ߤ ҿӊӗ ӄ ӋӍӂҿӑ ӈӍҾӄӏӍҺҸӑӛ ߞߤ = ߞߡߢ ӏҸӃӊӄӖӌӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊࡏߝߤ · ߝߜߝߤ ࣌ ҺӍӐҿӋӌҸҾӗҸӑӛ ӈҺӄӌӑӄӊӊӄӍӌӍҺࡏуҸӎӏӄӋҿӏࡈ ӖӄӐӊӍ ߟߟߣ ӈӍҾӄӏӒҿӑӐӨ ӋӄӌӄӋӒӋ ߞ ҹҸӅӑҸӋӄࡇ00000001! "# $ 01010001! "# $ҹӄӑӝ ߝߡ...ߤҹӄӑӝ ߣ...ߜࡄ ߝ ҹҸӅӑ ࡫ߤ ҹӄӑ࡬ ӈӍҾӄӏӒҿӑ ߞߡߢ ӖӄӐҿӊࡈࡄ ߞ ҹҸӅӑҸ ࡫ߝߢ ҹӄӑ࡬ ӈӍҾӄӏӒӧӑ ߢߡ ߡߟߢ ӖӄӐҿӊࡈࡄ ߠ ҹҸӅӑҸ ࡫ߟߞ ҹӄӑҸ࡬ ӈӍҾӄӏӒӧӑ ߠ ߞߥߠ ߥߢߣ ߞߥߢ ӖӄӐҿӊࡈࡄ ߤ ҹҸӅӑ ࡫ߢߠ ҹӄӑҸ࡬ ӈӍҾӄӏӒӧӑ ߝߤ ߠߠߢ ߣߠߠ ߜߣߟ ߣߜߥ ߡߡߝ ߢߝߢ ӖӄӐҿӊࡏߡࡏࡏюҿӊӍӖӄӐӊҿӌӌӝҿ ӑӄӎӝ Һ +шӄӎunsigned charunsigned shortunsigned intunsigned long longsigned charshortintlong longљӑӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ ӋӍһӒӑ ҺҸӏӛӄӏӍҺҸӑӛӐӨ Һ ӃҸҺӄӐӄӋӍӐӑӄ Ӎӑ ӎӊҸӑӔӍӏӋӝӄ ӈӍӋӎӄӊӨӑӍӏҸࡏцҸӃӋҿӏࡈ ҹӄӑ߸߱߶߲߳߶ߴ߸߱߶߲߳߶ߴтӄӌӄӋӒӋ߰߰߰߰−ߝߞߤ−ߟߞ ߣߢߤ−ߞ ߝߠߣ ߠߤߟ ߢߠߤ−ߥ,ߞ · ߝߜߝߤтҸӈӐӄӋӒӋߞߡߡߢߡ ߡߟߡߠ ߞߥߠ ߥߢߣ ߞߥߡߝߤ,ߠ · ߝߜߝߤߝߞߣߟߞ ߣߢߣߞ ߝߠߣ ߠߤߟ ߢߠߣߥ,ߞ · ߝߜߝߤкӌҸӈӍҺӍӐӑӛ żǕŏɟ ӌҿ ӐӑҸӌҾҸӏӑӄӃӄӏӍҺҸӌҸࡏкӌҸӈ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ Һ ӑҿӕ ӂҿ ӐҸӋӝӕ ߤࡕߝߢࡕࡏࡏࡏ ҹӄӑҸӕࡏ еҿӑҸӊӄ ӎӏҿҾӐӑҸҺӊҿӌӄӨӍӑӏӄӗҸӑҿӊӛӌӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊ ҺӝӕӍҾӨӑ ӃҸ ӏҸӋӈӄ ҾҸӌӌӍӅ ӊҿӈӗӄӄࡏߢࡏࡏчӊӍӂҿӌӄҿ ӗҿӊӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊ Ӑ ӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌҿӌӄҿӋшӍ ҿӐӑӛ ӈӍӋӎӛӧӑҿӏ ҺӝӎӍӊӌӨҿӑ ӐӊӍӂҿӌӄҿ ӄ ҺӝӖӄӑҸӌӄҿ ӎӍ ӋӍҾӒӊӧࡈӐӍӍӑҺҿӑӐӑҺӒӧәҿӋӒ ӏҸӃӋҿӏӒ ӖӄӐӊҸࡈ ӑࡏҿࡏ ӍӑҹӏҸӐӝҺҸҿӑ ӐӑҸӏӘӒӧӖҸӐӑӛࡏцҸӐӐӋӍӑӏӄӋ ӐӊӍӂҿӌӄҿ ҾҺӒӕ ߤࡷҹӄӑӌӝӕ ҹҿӃӃӌҸӈӍҺӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊߞߡߜ + ߥ = 1111 1010ߞ + 0000 1001ߞ = .

. .1111 10100000 10011 !0000"#0011$+ߤ ҹӄӑч ӑӍӖӈӄ ӃӏҿӌӄӨ ӈӍӋӎӛӧӑҿӏҸࡇ ߞߡߜ + ߥ = 0000 0011ߞ = ߟࡏߣࡏࡏбӄҾӝ ӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌҿӌӄӨ ӗҿӊӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊхҿӏҿӎӍӊӌҿӌӄҿ ҹҿӃӃӌҸӈӍҺӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊ Һ + ӐӑҸӌҾҸӏӑӄӃӍҺҸӌӍࡏхҿӏҿӎӍӊӌҿӌӄҿ ӃӌҸӈӍҺӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊ Һ + ࡴ ӌҿӍӎӏҿҾҿӊҿӌӌӍҿ ӎӍҺҿҾҿӌӄҿࡏхӏӍ ӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌҿӌӄҿ ӌҸҾӍ ӃӌҸӑӛࡈ ӌӍ ӊӒӖӘҿ ӌҸ ӌҿһӍ ӌҿ ӎӍӊҸһҸӑӛӐӨࡏаҿӃӃӌҸӈӍҺӝҿ ߤࡷҹӄӑӌӝҿࡇࡄ ߞߡߡ + ߝ = ߜࡈࡄ ߜ − ߝ = ߞߡߡࡏкӌҸӈӍҺӝҿ ߤࡷҹӄӑӌӝҿࡇࡄ ߝߞߣ + ߝ = −ߝߞߤࡈࡄ −ߝߞߤ − ߝ = ߝߞߣࡏߤࡏࡏCɔǞż _ŏǞȀɯб ҸҹӐӍӊӧӑӌӍӋ ҹӍӊӛӘӄӌӐӑҺҿ ӐӊӒӖҸҿҺ ӕҺҸӑӄӑ ߟߞࡷҹӄӑӌӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊࡏࡄ ߝߟ ӄӧӌӨ ߞߜߜߥ һࡏ ࡴ ÷ʶǞɾɾƚɟࡇ ӎӍӏӨҾӈӍҺӝӅ ӌӍӋҿӏ ӑҺӄӑӍҺ ӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌӄӊߟߞࡷҹӄӑӌӍҿ ӃӌҸӈӍҺӍҿ ӗҿӊӍҿࡏࡄ ߞߞ ӐҿӌӑӨҹӏӨ ߞߜߜߥ һࡏ ࡴ ÷ʶǞɾɾƚɟࡇ ӎӍӏӨҾӈӍҺӝӅ ӌӍӋҿӏ ӑҺӄӑӍҺ ӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌӄӊߟߞࡷҹӄӑӌӍҿ ҹҿӃӃӌҸӈӍҺӍҿ ӗҿӊӍҿࡏࡄ ߥ ӔҿҺӏҸӊӨ ߞߜߝߟ һࡏ ࡴ °ɔƚȘëɾɟƚƚɾ›ŏɔࡇ ӎӍӏӨҾӈӍҺӝӅ ӌӍӋҿӏ ӑӍӖҿӈ ӌҸ ӈҸӏӑҿӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌӄӊ ߟߞࡷҹӄӑӌӍҿ ӃӌҸӈӍҺӍҿ ӗҿӊӍҿࡏࡄ ߝ ҾҿӈҸҹӏӨ ߞߜߝߠ һࡏ ࡴ Įȩʕ÷ʕųƚࡇ ӈӍӊӄӖҿӐӑҺӍ ӎӏӍӐӋӍӑӏӍҺ ӍҾӌӍһӍ ҺӄҾҿӍӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌӄӊӍ ߟߞࡷҹӄӑӌӍҿ ӃӌҸӈӍҺӍҿ ӗҿӊӍҿࡏࡄ ߞߜ ӨӌҺҸӏӨ ߞߜߝߣ һࡏ ࡴ +ȩƇƚࡏȩɟǃࡇ ӄҾҿӌӑӄӔӄӈҸӑӍӏ ӐӑӒҾҿӌӖҿӐӈӄӕ ӏҸҹӍӑӎҿӏҿӎӍӊӌӄӊ ߟߞࡷҹӄӑӌӍҿ ҹҿӃӃӌҸӈӍҺӍҿ ӗҿӊӍҿࡏߥࡏࡏбҿәҿӐӑҺҿӌӌӝҿ ӑӄӎӝ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡏࡏࡏэӄӐӊҸ Ӑ ӎӊҸҺҸӧәҿӅ ӑӍӖӈӍӅшӏӒҾӌӍӐӑӄ ӎҿӏҿҺӍҾҸࡇ Һ цӍӐӐӄӄ ӏҸӃҾҿӊӄӑҿӊҿӋ ӐӊӒӂӄӑ ӃҸӎӨӑҸӨࡏфӖҿӌӛ ӎӏӄҺӝӖӌҸӨ ҾӊӨ ӔӄӃӄӈӍҺ ӔӍӏӋҸ ӃҸӎӄӐӄ ҺҿәҿӐӑҺҿӌӌӝӅӖӄӐҿӊࡏһҾҿࡇʺ = ȑ · ųƙ ,ࡄ ȑ ࡴ ӑҾӒӗӊӖӖҾ ࡫ӃӌҸӖҸәҸӨ ӖҸӐӑӛ࡬ࡈࡄ ų ࡴ ӓӖӒӓӀҾӒӊӅ ӖӗӅӔӅӒӊ ࡫ӍҹӝӖӌӍ ߞ ӄӊӄ ߝߜ࡬ࡈࡄ ƙ ࡴ ӨӎӖӔӓӒӅӒӗҾ ࡫ӎӍӏӨҾӍӈ࡬ࡏߝߝࡏࡏэӄӐӊҸ Ӑ ӎӊҸҺҸӧәҿӅ ӑӍӖӈӍӅ Һ +шӍӖӌӍӐӑӛ ųǞȘŏɟʿߟߞࡇ Ȁȩǃߝߜ (ߞߞߟ + ߝ) ≈ ߣ,ߞߞߡࡈӑӍӖӌӍӐӑӛ ųǞȘŏɟʿߢߠࡇ Ȁȩǃߝߜ (ߞߡߞ + ߝ) ≈ ߝߡ,ߥߡߡࡏтӄӌࡏ ӄ ӋҸӈӐࡏ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ ҾҸӌӝ ҾӊӨ ӌӍӏӋҸӊӄӃӍҺҸӌӌӝӕ ӖӄӐҿӊࡏхӏӍәҿ ҺӐҿһҾҸ ӄӐӎӍӊӛӃӍҺҸӑӛ ƇȩʕųȀƚࡏшӄӎfloatdoubleтӄӌࡏ ҸҹӐࡏ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿߝ,ߝߤ · ߝߜ−ߟߤߞ,ߞߟ · ߝߜ−ߟߜߤтҸӈӐࡏ ҸҹӐࡏ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿߟ,ߠߜ · ߝߜߟߤߝ,ߤߜ · ߝߜߟߜߤшӍӖӌӍӐӑӛࡈ ҾҿӐࡏ ӃӌҸӈӍҺ≈ߣ≈ ߝߢߝߞࡏࡏфӐӍҹҿӌӌӝҿ ӖӄӐӊҸжӐӑӛ ҿәҿ ҾҿӌӍӏӋҸӊӄӃӍҺҸӌӌӝҿ ӖӄӐӊҸࡈ ӌӍ ӢӑӍ ҺӝӕӍҾӄӑ ӃҸ ӏҸӋӈӄҾҸӌӌӍӅ ӊҿӈӗӄӄࡏэӄӐӊҸ ±ߜࡈ ±∞Ȁȩǃ(ߜ) = −∞,ߝ/(+ߜ) = +∞,ߝ/(−ߜ) = −∞.уҿࡷӖӄӐӊҸ ࡫ŸŏŸࡈ Ÿȩɾ ŏ ŸʕȒųƚɟ࡬ࡇ√œŏœ = −ߝ, ߜ/ߜ, ߜ · ∞, ∞/∞, ∞ − ∞,ߝߟࡏࡏхӏӍҹӊҿӋӝ Ӑ ӑӍӖӌӍӐӑӛӧƿ(ŏ)−ƿ(ų)ŏ−ųࡴ Һ ӖӄӐӊӄӑҿӊҿ ӃӌҸӖҸәӄӋӄ ӐӑҸӌӍҺӨӑӐӨ ӋӊҸҾӘӄҿࡈ ӌҿӑӍӖӌӝҿӏҸӃӏӨҾӝࡏбҿәҿӐӑҺҿӌӌӝҿ ӖӄӐӊҸ ӌӒӂӌӍ ӐӏҸҺӌӄҺҸӑӛ ӎӏӄҹӊӄӃӄӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏхӍҾӏӍҹӌӍӐӑӄ ҺӝӕӍҾӨӑ ӃҸ ӏҸӋӈӄ ӢӑӍӅ ӊҿӈӗӄӄࡏࡄ фӈӏӒһӊҿӌӄҿࡇ ɾǃ(π) ̸= ߜ, ɾǃ(π/ߞ) ̸= ∞ࡏࡄ уҸӈӍӎӊҿӌӄҿ ӍӘӄҹӍӈࡇ ŏ + (ų + ż) ̸= (ŏ + ų) + żࡏࡄ хӍӑҿӏӨ ӑӍӖӌӍӐӑӄࡇ ŏ − ųࡈ ҿӐӊӄ ŏ ≈ ųࡏࡄ хӍӑҿӏӨ ӑӍӖӌӍӐӑӄࡇ ŏ + ųࡈ ҿӐӊӄ ŏ ≫ ų ӄӊӄ ŏ ≪ ųࡏࡄ чӏҸҺӌҿӌӄҿ ӖӄӐҿӊࡏߝߠࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝࡏࡏࡏфҹӜӨҺӊҿӌӄҿ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸтӍӑӄҺҸӗӄӨࡇ ҾӊӨ ӃҸҾҸӌӄӨ ӈҺҸҾӏҸӑӌӍһӍ ӒӏҸҺӌҿӌӄӨ ӌӒӂӌӍ ߟӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌӝҿࡇ ŏࡈ ųࡈ żࡏ Я ӖӑӍ ҾҿӊҸӑӛ Ӑ ӒӏҸҺӌҿӌӄҿӋ ߝߜࡷӍӅ ӐӑҿӎҿӌӄࡐхӏҸҺӄӊӛӌӍࡈ ӌӒӂҿӌ ӋҸӐӐӄҺࡋтҸӐӐӄҺ ࡴ ӒӎӍӏӨҾӍӖҿӌӌӝӅ ӌҸҹӍӏ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӍҺ ӍҾӌӍһӍ ӑӄӎҸࡏаҿӃ ӄӌӄӗӄҸӊӄӃҸӗӄӄ ӋҸӐӐӄҺࡈ ӍҹӜӨҺӊҿӌӌӝӅ Һ ӔӒӌӈӗӄӄࡈ ӐӍҾҿӏӂӄӑӋӒӐӍӏࡏфҹӜӨҺӊҿӌӄҿ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸ arrࡈ ӐӍӐӑӍӨәҿһӍ ӄӃ N ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӍҺ ӎӏӍӄӃҺӍӊӛӌӍһӍ ӑӄӎҸ TࡇT arr[N];љӊҿӋҿӌӑӝࡈ ҾӊӨ ӈӍӑӍӏӝӕ ӌҿӑ ӨҺӌӍ ӃҸҾҸӌӌӍһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨࡈӄӌӄӗӄҸӊӄӃӄӏӒӧӑӐӨ ӌӒӊӨӋӄࡏһҾҿ N ࡴ ӈӍӌӐӑҸӌӑҸ ҺӏҿӋҿӌӄ ӈӍӋӎӄӊӨӗӄӄࡏцҸӃӋҿӏ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸ ӋӍӂҿӑ ҹӝӑӛ ҺӝӖӄӐӊҿӌ ҸҺӑӍӋҸӑӄӖҿӐӈӄࡈ ӖӑӍ ӋӍӂҿӑҹӝӑӛ ҾӍҺӍӊӛӌӍ ӒҾӍҹӌӝӋࡏхӏӄӋҿӏ ӍҹӜӨҺӊҿӌӄӨ ӄ ӄӌӄӗӄҸӊӄӃҸӗӄӄ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡇint xs[4];// {?, ?, ?, ?}int ys[] = {20, 10}; // {20, 10}int zs[4] = {20, 10}; // {20, 10, 0, 0}ߝߢࡏࡏеӍӐӑӒӎ ӈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑҸӋ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸлӌҾҿӈӐӝ Һ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҿ Ӎӑ ߜ ҾӍ ŸࡷߝࡏеӍӐӑӒӎ ӎӍ ӌҿҾӍӎӒӐӑӄӋӍӋӒ ӄӌҾҿӈӐӒ ࡫ࡷߝࡈ Ÿࡈ ߞࡁŸ࡬ ࡴ ӌҿӍӎӏҿҾҿӊҿӌӌӍҿӎӍҺҿҾҿӌӄҿࡏT arr[N]ࡇࡏࡏࡏ0ࡏ1ࡏࡏࡏࡏࡏࡏࡊࡏࡏࡏN-1эӑҿӌӄҿ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑҸ ӄӃ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸ ӎӍ ӄӌҾҿӈӐӒ iࡇT value = arr[i];кҸӎӄӐӛ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑҸ Һ ӋҸӐӐӄҺ ӎӍ ӄӌҾҿӈӐӒ iࡇarr[i] = new_value;ߝߣࡏࡏщӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏࡏࡏщӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӈҸӈ ҸҾӏҿӐߡߝߤࡏ0x20int x = 518;int y = 320;ЯҾӏҿӐӍӋ ҹӊӍӈҸ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ ӐӖӄӑҸҿӑӐӨ ӌӍӋҿӏ ҿһӍ ӐҸӋӍһӍ ӋӊҸҾӘҿһӍҹҸӅӑҸࡏߟߞߜ0x230x40ǞȘɾࡁ ࡴ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ǞȘɾࡈ ӑࡏҿࡏ ҸҾӏҿӐ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ һҾҿ ӊҿӂӄӑ ǞȘɾࡏ0x43кҸӋҿӑӛӑҿࡈ ʿ ӎӍӋҿӌӨӊӍ ӐҺӍҿ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿࡈ ӕӍӑӨ ӎӏӨӋӝӕ ӃҸӎӄӐҿӅ Һ ӌҿһӍӌҿ ҹӝӊӍࡏint* ptr;// & - взятие адреса// * - разыменование указателяptr = &x;printf("%p %d\n", ptr, *ptr); // 0x20 518ptr = &y;printf("%p %d\n", ptr, *ptr); // 0x40 320ߜʾࡁࡁࡁ ࡷ ӢӑӍ ӘҿӐӑӌҸҾӗҸӑҿӏӄӖӌҸӨ ӃҸӎӄӐӛ ӖӄӐӊҸࡈ ӄӋҿӌӌӍ Һ ӑҸӈӍӋҺӄҾҿ ӎӏӄӌӨӑӍ ӃҸӎӄӐӝҺҸӑӛ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ ҸҾӏҿӐӍҺࡏ л ӄӋҿӌӌӍ Һ ӑҸӈӍӋҺӄҾҿ ӄӕ ҺӝҺӍҾӄӑ ɔɟǞȘɾǀ Ӑ ӋӍҾӄӔӄӈҸӑӍӏӍӋ ࣷɔࡏߝߥࡏࡏщӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӈҸӈ ҸҾӏҿӐߥߥߥߡߝߤࡏ0x20int x = 518;int y = 320;ЯҾӏҿӐӍӋ ҹӊӍӈҸ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ ӐӖӄӑҸҿӑӐӨ ӌӍӋҿӏ ҿһӍ ӐҸӋӍһӍ ӋӊҸҾӘҿһӍҹҸӅӑҸࡏ0x230x40ǞȘɾࡁ ࡴ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ǞȘɾࡈ ӑࡏҿࡏ ҸҾӏҿӐ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ һҾҿ ӊҿӂӄӑ ǞȘɾࡏ0x43кҸӋҿӑӛӑҿࡈ ʿ ӎӍӋҿӌӨӊӍ ӐҺӍҿ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿࡈ ӕӍӑӨ ӎӏӨӋӝӕ ӃҸӎӄӐҿӅ Һ ӌҿһӍӌҿ ҹӝӊӍࡏint* ptr;// & - взятие адреса// * - разыменование указателяptr = &x;printf("%p %d\n", ptr, *ptr); // 0x20 518ptr = &y;printf("%p %d\n", ptr, *ptr); // 0x40 320*ptr = 999;printf("%d %d\n", x, y); // 518 999ߜʾࡁࡁࡁ ࡷ ӢӑӍ ӘҿӐӑӌҸҾӗҸӑҿӏӄӖӌҸӨ ӃҸӎӄӐӛ ӖӄӐӊҸࡈ ӄӋҿӌӌӍ Һ ӑҸӈӍӋҺӄҾҿ ӎӏӄӌӨӑӍ ӃҸӎӄӐӝҺҸӑӛ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ ҸҾӏҿӐӍҺࡏ л ӄӋҿӌӌӍ Һ ӑҸӈӍӋҺӄҾҿ ӄӕ ҺӝҺӍҾӄӑ ɔɟǞȘɾǀ Ӑ ӋӍҾӄӔӄӈҸӑӍӏӍӋ ࣷɔࡏߝߥࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߟߜ0x200x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};short* p = &(a[0]); // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x24ߞߜࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߜߟߜ0x20short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};0x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24*p1 = 200;short* p = &(a[0]); // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x24ߞߜࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߜߞߟߜ0x20short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};0x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24*p1 = 200;*p2 = *p1 + *p2;short* p = &(a[0]); // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x24ߞߜࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߜߞߟߜ0x20short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};0x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24*(p+1) = 200;*(p+2) = *(p+1) + *(p+2);short* p = &(a[0]); // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x24ߞߜࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߜߞߟߜ0x20short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};short* p = &(a[0]); // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x240x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24p[1] = 200;p[2] = p[1] + p[2];// *(x + y) == x[y]ߞߜࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߜߞߟߜ0x20short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};short* p = &(*(a)); // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x240x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24p[1] = 200;p[2] = p[1] + p[2];// *(x + y) == x[y]ߞߜࡏࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӝ ӄ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӄࡏтҸӐӐӄҺ ӕӏҸӌӄӑӐӨ ӈҸӈ ӌҿӎӏҿӏӝҺӌӝӅ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡈ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑӝӏҸӐӎӍӊҸһҸӧӑӐӨ ӎӍӐӊҿҾӍҺҸӑҿӊӛӌӍࡏa[0]a[1]a[2]ߝߜߞߜߜߞߟߜ0x20short a[3] = {10, 20, 30};short* p = a; // 0x20short* p1 = p + 1; // 0x22short* p2 = p + 2; // 0x240x22хӏӄ ӎӏӄҹҸҺӊҿӌӄӄ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄӨ Ș ӈ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӧࡈ ҿһӍ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿӒҺҿӊӄӖӄҺҸҿӑӐӨ ӌҸ ࡫Ș ࡁ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎҸ ҾҸӌӌӝӕ ӎӍҾ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӋ࡬ࡏтҸӐӐӄҺӌҸӨ ӎҿӏҿӋҿӌӌҸӨ ࡴ ҺӐҿһӍ ӊӄӘӛ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍӋҸӐӐӄҺҸࡏ0x24p[1] = 200;p[2] = p[1] + p[2];// *(x + y) == x[y]ߞߜࡏࡏфӐӑҸӊӛӌӍҿ ӌҿ ҺӊҿӃӊӍ Һ ӎҸӏӒࡊߞߝࡏࡏщӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛࡈ ӌӄӈӒҾҸ ӌҿ ӒӈҸӃӝҺҸӧәӄӅэӄӐӊҿӌӌӍҿ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿ ŸĆ ࣌࣌ ߜࡏNULL ࡴ ӐӎҿӗӄҸӊӛӌӍҿ ӈӍӌӐӑҸӌӑӌӍҿ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿࡈ ӐӄӋҺӍӊӄӃӄӏӒӧәҿҿࡈ ӖӑӍӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӌҿ ӒӈҸӃӝҺҸҿӑ ӌӄ ӌҸ ӈҸӈӍӅ ӢӊҿӋҿӌӑ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡏ фҹӜӨҺӊҿӌӍ ҺӃҸһӍӊӍҺӍӖӌӍӋ ӔҸӅӊҿ stdlib.hࡏint* ptr = NULL;int value = *ptr; // run time error*ptr = 37; // run time errorцҸӃӌӝҿ ӌҸӃҺҸӌӄӨࡈ ӌӍ ӐӒӑӛ ӍҾӌҸ ࡫ɯƚǃȒƚȘɾŏɾǞȩȘ ǀŏʕȀɾࡈ ɯƚǃǀŏʕȀɾࡈ ŏżżƚɯɯ ʲǞȩȀŏɾǞȩȘࡈࢀхӏӍһӏҸӋӋҸ ҺӝӎӍӊӌӄӊҸ ӌҿҾӍӎӒӐӑӄӋӒӧ ӍӎҿӏҸӗӄӧࡊࢁࡈ ࡊ࡬ࡏߞߞࡏࡏщӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛࡈ ӒӈҸӃӝҺҸӧәӄӅ ӕӍӑӛ ӈӒҾҸщӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛ ӑӏҸӈӑӒҿӑ ӒӈҸӃӝҺҸҿӋӍҿ ӐӍҾҿӏӂӄӋӍҿ ӈҸӈ ǞȘɾࡈ ӕӍӑӨ ӌҸӐҸӋӍӋ Ҿҿӊҿ ӑҸӋ ӌҸӕӍҾӄӑӐӨ ƇȩʕųȀƚ ࡴ ӢӑӍ ӎӍӑҿӌӗӄҸӊӛӌҸӨ ӍӘӄҹӈҸࡏфҹӨӃҸӑҿӊӛӌӍ ӎӏӍӖӄӑҸӑӛ ӏҸӐӐӈҸӃࡇǕɾɾɔࡇࡕࡕɾǕƚżȩƇƚȀƚɯɯżȩƇƚࡏżȩȒࡕżŏɯƚࡕߡࡐȀŏȘǃ࣌ɟʕvoid* ࡴ ӐӎҿӗӄҸӊӛӌӝӅ ӑӄӎ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӨࡈ ӈӍӑӍӏӝӅ ӋӍӂҿӑ ӒӈҸӃӝҺҸӑӛ ӌҸ ӊӧҹӍӅҸҾӏҿӐ Һ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡏ тӍӂҿӑ ҹӝӑӛ ӎӏӄҺҿҾҿӌ ӈ ӊӧҹӍӋӒ ҾӏӒһӍӋӒ ӑӄӎӒ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊҿӅ ӄӍҹӏҸӑӌӍࡏdouble x = 37;double* px = &x;void* p = px;int* py = p;тӄӌӒӑӈҸ ӔӄӊӍӐӍӔӄӄࡇ ࢀпҸӈӍҺҸ ӎӏӄӏӍҾҸ ʲȩǞƇࡐࢁ ࡴ ӐӎӏӍӐӄӊ ӒӖӄӑҿӊӛࡈ ࡊߞߟࡏࡏеӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈҸӨ ӎҸӋӨӑӛࡏࡏࡏхӏҿӄӋӒәҿӐӑҺҸ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӍӅ ӎҸӋӨӑӄбӌӒӑӏӄ ӔӒӌӈӗӄӄ ӌҿӊӛӃӨ ӐӍӃҾҸӑӛ ӋҸӐӐӄҺࡈ ӈӍӑӍӏӝӅ ҹӒҾҿӑӐӒәҿӐӑҺӍҺҸӑӛ ӎӍӐӊҿ ҺӝӕӍҾҸ ӄӃ ӌҿҿࡏцҸӃӋҿӏ ӋҸӐӐӄҺҸ ҾӍӊӂҿӌ ҹӝӑӛ ӄӃҺҿӐӑҿӌ ӌҸ ӋӍӋҿӌӑ ӈӍӋӎӄӊӨӗӄӄӎӏӍһӏҸӋӋӝࡏчҸӋӝӅ һӄҹӈӄӅ ӄ ӐҸӋӝӅ ӐӊӍӂӌӝӅ Һ ӏҸҹӍӑҿ ҺӄҾ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡏжӐӑӛ ҿәҿ ҸҺӑӍӋҸӑӄӖҿӐӈҸӨ ӄ ӐӑҸӑӄӖҿӐӈҸӨ ӎҸӋӨӑӛࡈ ӌӍ ӄӕ ӍӎӄӐҸӌӄҿҺӝӕӍҾӄӑ ӃҸ ӏҸӋӈӄ ҾҸӌӌӍӅ ӊҿӈӗӄӄࡏ лӕ ӍӐӌӍҺӌӝҿ ӌҿҾӍӐӑҸӑӈӄࡇӔӄӈӐӄӏӍҺҸӌӌӝӅ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӄ ӌҿҾӍӐӑҸӑӍӖӌӍ һӄҹӈӍҿ ҺӏҿӋӨ ӂӄӃӌӄࡏࡄ бӝҾҿӊӨҿӑӐӨ ӄ ӍӐҺӍҹӍӂҾҸҿӑӐӨ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӄ ӎӍ ӃҸӎӏӍӐӒ ӎӏӍһӏҸӋӋӝࡏࡄ цҸӃӋҿӏ ӃҸҾҸҿӑӐӨ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӄࡏߞߡࡏࡏбӝҾҿӊҿӌӄҿ ҹӊӍӈҸ ӎҸӋӨӑӄȒŏȀȀȩż ࣌ ›ƚȒȩɟʿ °+ŏɾƚɯǞˌƚ࡙ɾ ࡷ ҹҿӃӃӌҸӈӍҺӝӅ ӗҿӊӍӖӄӐӊҿӌӌӝӅ ӑӄӎ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡈ ӎӍҾӕӍҾӨәӄӅҾӊӨ ӕӏҸӌҿӌӄӨ ӊӧҹӍһӍ ӏҸӃӋҿӏҸ Һ ҹҸӅӑҸӕࡏеӏӒһӄҿ ӔӒӌӈӗӄӄ ҾӊӨ ҺӝҾҿӊҿӌӄӨ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ ࡫żŏȀȀȩżࡈ ɟƚŏȀȀȩż࡬ ҺӝӕӍҾӨӑӃҸ ӏҸӋӈӄ ҾҸӌӌӍһӍ ӈӒӏӐҸࡏvoid* malloc(size_t size);ыӒӌӈӗӄӨ ҺӝҾҿӊӨҿӑ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ ӏҸӃӋҿӏӍӋ size ҹҸӅӑ ӄ ҺӍӃҺӏҸәҸҿӑ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӛӌҸ ӌҸӖҸӊӍ ҹӊӍӈҸࡏ б ӐӊӒӖҸҿࡈ ҿӐӊӄ ӎҸӋӨӑӛ ҺӝҾҿӊӄӑӛ ӌҿ ӎӍӊӒӖӄӊӍӐӛࡈ ҺӍӃҺӏҸәҸҿӑNULLࡏ фҹӜӨҺӊҿӌҸ Һ ӃҸһӍӊӍҺӍӖӌӍӋ ӔҸӅӊҿ stdlib.hࡏߞߢࡏࡏфӐҺӍҹӍӂҾҿӌӄҿ ҹӊӍӈҸ ӎҸӋӨӑӄщӑҿӖӈӄ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ ӌҸ ӐҿӏҺҿӏӌӝӕ ӎӏӄӊӍӂҿӌӄӨӕࡈ ӈӍӑӍӏӝҿ ҾӍӊӂӌӝӏҸҹӍӑҸӑӛ ӌҿӐӈӍӊӛӈӍ ӊҿӑࡈ ӌҿҾӍӎӒӐӑӄӋӝࡏщӑҿӖӈӄ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ Һ ҾҿӐӈӑӍӎӌӝӕ ӎӏӄӊӍӂҿӌӄӨӕ ӌҿ ӑҸӈ ӈӏӄӑӄӖӌӝࡈ ӌӍӋӍһӒӑ ӄ ӎӏӄӖӄӌӨӑӛ ӌҿӒҾӍҹӐӑҺҸ ࡫ӐӋࡏ ӐӍҺӏҿӋҿӌӌӝҿ ҹӏҸӒӃҿӏӝ࡬ࡏvoid free(void* ptr);ыӒӌӈӗӄӨ ӍӐҺӍҹӍӂҾҸҿӑ ҹӊӍӈ ӎҸӋӨӑӄࡏ жӐӊӄ ptr ӏҸҺҿӌ NULLࡈ ӌӄӖҿһӍ ӌҿ ҾҿӊҸҿӑࡏфҹӜӨҺӊҿӌҸ Һ ӃҸһӍӊӍҺӍӖӌӍӋ ӔҸӅӊҿ stdlib.hࡏхӍӐӊҿ ҺӝӃӍҺҸ ӃӌҸӖҿӌӄҿ ӒӈҸӃҸӑҿӊӨ ptr ӍӐӑҸҿӑӐӨ ӎӏҿӂӌӄӋࡈ ӌӍӏҸӃӝӋҿӌӍҺӝҺҸӑӛ ҿһӍ ӌҿӊӛӃӨࡏуҿӄӐӎӍӊӛӃӒҿӋӒӧ ӎҸӋӨӑӛ ӌӒӂӌӍ ӍҹӨӃҸӑҿӊӛӌӍ ӍӐҺӍҹӍӂҾҸӑӛࡈ ӄӌҸӖҿ ӏҸӌӍ ӄӊӄӎӍӃҾӌӍ ӍӌҸ ӋӍӂҿӑ ӈӍӌӖӄӑӛӐӨ ࡫ӒӑҿӖӈҸ ӎҸӋӨӑӄ࡬ࡏߞߣࡏࡏхӏӄӋҿӏࡇ ӋҸӐӐӄҺ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӍһӍ ӏҸӃӋҿӏҸɯǞˌƚȩǀ ࡴ ӍӎҿӏҸӑӍӏࡈ ҺӝҾҸӧәӄӅ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎӍҺ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡏ уҸӎӏӄӋҿӏࡈӌҸ vȘɾƚȀ ʾߤߢ ɯǞˌƚȩǀ࡫ǞȘɾ࡬ ࣌࣌ ߠࡏࡏint n = read_number(); // 5int* p; // ???ߞߤࡏࡏхӏӄӋҿӏࡇ ӋҸӐӐӄҺ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӍһӍ ӏҸӃӋҿӏҸࡏࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐ0x100ɯǞˌƚȩǀ ࡴ ӍӎҿӏҸӑӍӏࡈ ҺӝҾҸӧәӄӅ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎӍҺ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡏ уҸӎӏӄӋҿӏࡈӌҸ vȘɾƚȀ ʾߤߢ ɯǞˌƚȩǀ࡫ǞȘɾ࡬ ࣌࣌ ߠࡏࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐ0x113int n = read_number(); // 5int* p; // 0x100p = malloc(n * sizeof(int));if (p == NULL) { /* error */ }ߞߤࡏࡏхӏӄӋҿӏࡇ ӋҸӐӐӄҺ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӍһӍ ӏҸӃӋҿӏҸࡏߟߣࡐࡐࡐ0x100ߟߣɯǞˌƚȩǀ ࡴ ӍӎҿӏҸӑӍӏࡈ ҺӝҾҸӧәӄӅ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎӍҺ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡏ уҸӎӏӄӋҿӏࡈӌҸ vȘɾƚȀ ʾߤߢ ɯǞˌƚȩǀ࡫ǞȘɾ࡬ ࣌࣌ ߠࡏࡐࡐࡐߟߣ0x113int n = read_number(); // 5int* p; // 0x100p = malloc(n * sizeof(int));if (p == NULL) { /* error */ }p[0] = p[n/2] = p[n-1] = 37;ߞߤࡏࡏхӏӄӋҿӏࡇ ӋҸӐӐӄҺ ҾӄӌҸӋӄӖҿӐӈӍһӍ ӏҸӃӋҿӏҸࡏࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐ0x100ɯǞˌƚȩǀ ࡴ ӍӎҿӏҸӑӍӏࡈ ҺӝҾҸӧәӄӅ ӏҸӃӋҿӏ ӑӄӎӍҺ ҾҸӌӌӝӕࡏ уҸӎӏӄӋҿӏࡈӌҸ vȘɾƚȀ ʾߤߢ ɯǞˌƚȩǀ࡫ǞȘɾ࡬ ࣌࣌ ߠࡏࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐࡐ0x113int n = read_number(); // 5int* p; // 0x100p = malloc(n * sizeof(int));if (p == NULL) { /* error */ }p[0] = p[n/2] = p[n-1] = 37;free(p);ߞߤࡏࡏпӍӌҿӗ ҺӑӍӏӍӅ ӊҿӈӗӄӄߞߥࡏ.