Основы светотехники на английском языке, страница 9

Record the power characteristicPel. = f (E). A luxmeter and a power meter are required to conduct this experiment. Use the mains switchfor switching on/off the unit.Experiment:•Plug the fluorescent lamp into thesocket provided.distribution fieldPE•Set up the circuit shown in the figure2.5.5.1.•Set the required power values specified in the table 2.5.5 with the potentiometer. Determine the minimumand maximum power. Measure theilluminance E for every value at adistance of 0.5 m vertically abovethe lamp.•Enter the values in the table.•Draw the power characteristic in thediagram provided in figure 2.5.5.2using the values in the table.E / lxNL1E1Q1L1 N PE1EG100Figure 2.5.5.1 Experiments setup200300400500600Pel. / WTable 2.5.5E / lx2018161412Pel.

/ W 10864200100200300Figure 2.5.5.2 Power characteristic of a fluorescent lamp40050060070046Experiments with the ILLUMINATION BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Fluorescent LampEvaluation:Question: What can be said about the power characteristic curve of the fluorescent lamp?Answer:Experiments with the ILLUMINATION BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Fluorescent Lamp2.5.647Current compensationTask:Determine the phase angle cos ϕ of the fluorescent lamp used here. Make a current compensation by wiring capacitors.

A luxmeter and a power meter or cos-ϕ measuring instrument are required to conduct theexperiment. Both the power and the phase angle can be measured with the Universal Power Meter (Type1091). If only a power meter or a cos-ϕ measuring instrument is available, one of the variables must beused to calculate the other one. Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit.Experiment:•Plug the fluorescent lampinto the socket provided.•Set up the circuit shown infigure 2.5.6 first with CX =1 µF.•Measure the phase angle ofthe lamp with a cos-ϕmeasuring instrument. Enter the measured value inthe table 2.5.6.•distribution fieldNL1E1CXQ1Repeat the measurementfor CX = 3 µF and 4 µF(parallel wiring).Figure 2.5.6 Experiments setupCX / µF1cos ϕTable 2.5.6Evaluation:Question: What can be said about the current compensation?Answer:3448Experiments with the ILLUMINATION BOARDCharacteristic Values of a Fluorescent Lamp2.5.7Characteristic valuesTask:Use the previously determined characteristic values of electrical power and illuminance to determine thevalues: light current, luminous efficiency, luminous intensity and quantity of light of the fluorescent lampused here.

The characteristic values should be calculated for operation with a starter and electronic gear.Experiment:•Note down the known variables from chapter 2.5.2.Pel . starter = WEstarter = lxPel . EG = WEEG = lx•Use the illuminances to now calculate the light currents of the lamp. Five sixth of the circumference ofa sphere of r = 0.5 m is assumed as an illuminated area.E=ΦAŸΦ = E⋅AwithA = 5 6 ⋅ 4 ⋅π ⋅ r 2Φ starter = Estarter ⋅ A = lm•Then calculate the luminous efficiency for operation with a starter and electronic gear with the lightcurrents.η starter =•Φ starterPel. starter= lmWη EG =Φ starter= cdΩI EG =Pel .

EG= lmWΦ EG= cdΩCalculate the quantity of light Q for a life of t = 8000 h.Qstarter = Φ starter ⋅ t = Mlmh•Φ EGDetermine the illuminances at a solid angle of Ω = 10.47 sr (5/6 sphere).I starter =•Φ EG = EEG ⋅ A = lmQEG = Φ EG ⋅ t = MlmhTransfer all the values to the table 2.5.7.Pel. / WStarterEGTable 2.5.7E / lxA/m2Φ / lmη/mxW-1Ι / cdQ / MlmhExperiments with the ILLUMINATION BOARDComparison of the Different Lamps2.649Comparison of the Different LampsTask:Transfer the characteristic values of the lamps from the experiments in chapters 2.1 to 2.5 to the table 2.6.Characteristic valueFormulasymbol / UnitFilamentlampHalogen filament lampIncandescentarc lampCompactfluorescentlampFluorescentlampElectricalpowerPel.

/ WStarter:EG:Phase anglecos ϕ1 µF:3 µF:4 µF:IlluminanceE / lxLight currentΦ / lmLuminousefficiencyη/mxWLuminousintensityΙ / cdStarter:EG:Quantity oflightQ / MlmhStarter:EG:LifetL / hStart/ignitiontimet/sInrush/turn-oncurrentILight colour-----Area ofapplication-----Table 2.61 min:3 min:5 min:Starter:EG:Starter:EG:-1Starter:EG:Mech. starter:El.

starter:EG:50Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDCharacteristic Values and Power Ratios of the Low-voltage Halogen Lamp3Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARD3.1Characteristic Values and Power Ratios of the Lowvoltage Halogen LampTask:Determine the characteristic values current, voltage, active power, power factor and illuminance of thelow-voltage halogen lamp used here.

A lux meter and a power meter or cos-ϕ meter are required to conduct the experiment. Both the power and the power factor (phase angle) can be measured with the Universal Power Meter (Type 1091). Measure the characteristic values on the primary and secondary side.

Ifonly a power meter or a cos-ϕ meter is available one of the variables must be calculated from the other.Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit.Experiment:•First set up the circuit as shown in figure 3.1.1. Use the conventional transformer and the lamp H3.distribution fieldNLL1NQ1H3Figure 3.1.1 Experiments setup 1 – primary side measurement•Measure the voltage U and the current I.•Calculate the active power P of the halogen lamp from the values measured for voltage and current ormeasure the active power with a power meter if available.P = U ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ•Determine the power factor cos ϕ by calculation or measurement.•Measure the illuminance E of the filament lamp with a lux meter at the brightest point at a measuringdistance vertically to the lamp of 0.5 m.•Enter all the measured values in table 3.1.•Then set up the circuit as shown in figure 3.1.2 and repeat the experiment.Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDCharacteristic Values and Power Ratios of the Low-voltage Halogen Lamp51distribution fieldNLL1NQ1H3Figure 3.1.2 Experiments setup 2 – secondary side measurementU/VΙ/AP/Wcos ϕE / lxExperiment 1Experiment 2Table 3.1Evaluation:Question: What is the value of the active power (active losses) of the transformer and the electrical efficiency of the illumination?Answer:52Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDCharacteristic Values of the Low-voltage Halogen Lamp with Increased Efficiency3.2Characteristic Values and Power Ratios of the Lowvoltage Halogen Lamp with Increased EfficiencyTask:Determine the characteristic values current, voltage, active power, power factor and illuminance of thelow-voltage halogen lamp with increased efficiency used here.

A lux meter and a power meter or cos-ϕmeter are required to conduct the experiment. Both the power and the power factor (phase angle) can bemeasured with the Universal Power Meter (Type 1091). Measure the characteristic values on the primaryand secondary side. If only a power meter or a cos-ϕ meter is available one of the variables must be calculated from the other.

Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit.Experiment:•First set up the circuit as shown in figure 3.2.1. Use the conventional transformer and the lamp H1.distribution fieldNLL1NQ1H1Figure 3.2.1 Experiments setup 1 – primary side measurement•Measure the voltage U and the current I.•Calculate the active power P of the halogen lamp from the values measured for voltage and current ormeasure the active power with a power meter if available.P = U ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ•Determine the power factor cos ϕ by calculation or measurement.•Measure the illuminance E of the filament lamp with a lux meter at the brightest point at a measuringdistance vertically to the lamp of 0.5 m.•Enter all the measured values in table 3.2.•Then set up the circuit as shown in figure 3.2.2 and repeat the experiment.Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDCharacteristic Values of the Low-voltage Halogen Lamp with Increased Efficiencydistribution fieldNLL1NQ1H1Figure 3.2.2 Experiments setup 2 – secondary side measurementU/VΙ/AP/Wcos ϕExperiment 1Experiment 2Table 3.2Evaluation:Question 1: What is the value of the power loss (active losses) of the transformer?Answer:E / lx5354Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDCharacteristic Values of the Low-voltage Halogen Lamp with Increased EfficiencyQuestion 2: What is the value of electrical efficiency of the illumination?Answer:Question 3: What do you find out when you compare the transformer losses of the low-voltage halogenlamp with those of the low-voltage halogen lamp with increased efficiency?Answer:Question 4: What do you find out when you compare the illuminance of the two low-voltage halogenlamps H1 and H3?Answer:Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDEfficiency of the Transformer on Different Loads3.355Efficiency of the Transformer on Different LoadsTask:Determine the efficiency and losses of the conventional transformer on different loads.

A power meter orcos-ϕ meter is required to conduct the experiment. Both the power and the power factor (phase angle)can be measured with the Universal Power Meter (Type 1091). Make the measurements on the primaryand secondary sides. If only a power meter or a cos-ϕ meter is available one of the variables must be calculated from the other. Use the mains switch for switching on/off the unit.Experiment:•First set up the circuit as shown in figure 3.3.1 without lamps, i. e. without load (no-load). Use the conventional transformer.distribution fieldNLL1NH3H2H1Q1Figure 3.3.1 Experiments setup 1 – primary side measurement••Measure the voltage U and the current I.Calculate the active power from the values measured for voltage and current or measure the activepower with a power meter if available.P = U ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ••Determine the power factor cos ϕ by calculation or measurement.Determine the power loss and efficiency of the transformer.η=Ploss = Pprimary − Psec ondary•••Psec ondaryPprimary⋅ 100 %Enter all the values in table 3.3.Then repeat the experiment for the lamp constellations H3, H3 + H2 and H3 + H2 + H1.Then set up the circuit as shown in figure 3.3.2 and repeat the experiment.distribution fieldN0.5 mL1L24 mmN0.5 mQ1Figure 3.3.2 Experiments setup 2 – secondary side measurementH2H356Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDEfficiency of the Transformer on Different LoadsPrimary sideU/VΙ/AP/WSecondary sidecos ϕU/VΙ/AP/Wcos ϕPloss / Wno loadH3H3 + H2H3 + H2 + H1Table 3.3Evaluation:Question 1: How does the efficiency of the transformer change under different loads?Answer:Question 2: What have you learned from this experiment for practice?Answer:η/%Experiments with the HALOGEN BOARDDimming the Low-voltage Halogen Lamp3.457Dimming the Low-voltage Halogen LampTask:Dim the low-voltage halogen lamp and record the power characteristic Pel.