nolan (Christopher Nolan biography and filmography), страница 2

He had written a screenplay, but when he learned that Martin Scorsese was making a Hughes biopic (2004’s The Aviator) he reluctantly tabled hisscript and moved on to other projects. Having turned down an offer to directthe historical epic Troy (2004), Nolan worked on adapting Ruth Rendell’s crimenovel The Keys to the Street into a screenplay which he planned to direct forFox Searchlight Pictures, but eventually left the project citing the similarities tohis previous films. In early 2003, Nolan approached Warner Bros. with the ideato make a new Batman film. Fascinated by the character and story, he wantedto make a film grounded in a "relatable" world more reminiscent of a classicaldrama than a comic-book fantasy.

Batman Begins, the biggest project Nolan hadundertaken to that point, premiered in June 2005 to both critical acclaim andcommercial success. Starring Christian Bale in the title role, along with MichaelCaine, Gary Oldman, Morgan Freeman, and Liam Neeson, the film revived thefranchise, heralding a trend towards darker films which rebooted (or retold) backstories. It tells the origin story of the character from Bruce Wayne’s initial fearof bats, the death of his parents, his journey to become Batman, and his fightagainst Ra’s al Ghul’s plot to destroy Gotham City. Praised for its psychological depth and contemporary relevance, Kyle Smith of The New York Post calledit "a wake-up call to the people who keep giving us cute capers about men intights. It wipes the smirk off the face of the superhero movie." Batman Beginswas the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2005 in the United States and the year’sninth-highest-grossing film worldwide.

It was nominated for the Academy Awardfor Best Cinematography and three BAFTA awards.Before returning to the Batman franchise, Nolan directed, co-wrote and produced The Prestige (2006), an adaptation of the Christopher Priest novel abouttwo rival 19th-century magicians. In 2001, when Nolan was in post-productionfor Insomnia, he asked his brother Jonathan to help write the script for the film.The screenplay was an intermittent, five-year collaboration between the brothers. Nolan initially intended to make the film as early as 2003, postponing theproject after agreeing to make Batman Begins. Starring Christian Bale and HughJackman in the lead roles, The Prestige received critical acclaim (including Oscarnominations for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction), and earned over$109 million worldwide.

With a dark and twisting tale, Roger Ebert described it7as "quite a movie — atmospheric, obsessive, almost satanic."In July 2006 Nolan announced thatthe follow-up to Batman Begins wouldbe called The Dark Knight. Approaching the sequel, Nolan wanted to expandon the noirish quality of the first film bybroadening the canvas and taking on"the dynamic of a story of the city, alarge crime story ... where you’re looking at the police, the justice system, thevigilante, the poor people, the rich people, the criminals." Released in 2008, togreat critical acclaim, The Dark Knighthas been cited as one of the best filmsof the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever made. Manohla Dargisof The New York Times found the filmThe Dark Knight (2008)to be of higher artistic merit than manyHollywood blockbusters: "Pitched atthe divide between art and industry, poetry and entertainment, it goes darkerand deeper than any Hollywood movie of its comic-book kind." Ebert expresseda similar point of view, describing it as a "haunted film that leaps beyond itsorigins and becomes an engrossing tragedy." The film set a number of box-officerecords during its theatrical run, earning $534,858,444 in North America and$469,700,000 abroad, for a worldwide total of $1,004,558,444.

The Dark Knightis the first feature film shot partially in the 15/70 mm IMAX format. At the81st Academy Awards the film was nominated for eight Oscars, winning two: theAcademy Award for Best Sound Editing and a posthumous Academy Award forBest Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger. Nolan was recognised by his peers withnominations from the DGA, Writers Guild of America (WGA), and ProducersGuild of America (PGA).2.32010sAfter The Dark Knight’s success, Warner Bros. signed Nolan to direct Inception.

Nolan also wrote and co-produced the film, described as "a contemporarysci-fi actioner set within the architecture of the mind". Before being released intheaters, critics like Peter Travers and Lou Lumenick wondered if Nolan’s faithin moviegoers’ intelligence would cost him at the box office. Starring a large ensemble cast led by Leonardo DiCaprio, the film was released on 16 July 2010,8and was a critical and commercial success. Richard Roeper of the Chicago SunTimes, awarded the film a perfect score of "A+" and called it "one of the bestmovies of the [21st] century." Mark Kermode named it the best film of 2010,stating "Inception is proof that people are not stupid, that cinema is not trash,and that it is possible for blockbusters and art to be the same thing." Veteranproducer John Davis speculated that its success could inspire studios to makemore original content; "I can promise you that heads of studios are already goinginto production meetings saying we need fresh ideas for summer movies, we wantoriginal concepts like Inception that are big and bold enough to carry themselves".The film ended up grossing over $820million worldwide and was nominatedfor eight Oscars, including Best Picture; it won Best Cinematography, BestSound Mixing, Best Sound Editing andBest Visual Effects.

Nolan also received BAFTA, Golden Globe, DGAand PGA Award nominations, as wellas a WGA Award for his work on thefilm. While in post-production on Inception, Nolan gave an interview forThese Amazing Shadows (2011), a documentary spotlighting film apprecia- Nolan with Leonardo DiCaprio on theset of "Inception" (2010)tion and preservation by the NationalFilm Registry. He also appeared in Sideby Side (2012), a documentary about the history, process and workflow of bothdigital and photochemical film creation.In 2012, Nolan directed his third and final Batman film, The Dark KnightRises.

Although he was initially hesitant about returning to the series, he agreedto come back after developing a story with his brother and David S. Goyer whichhe felt would end the series on a high note. The Dark Knight Rises was releasedon 20 July 2012 to critical acclaim; Andrew O’Hehir of Salon called it "arguablythe biggest, darkest, most thrilling and disturbing and utterly balls-out spectacleever created for the screen.", further describing the work as "auteurist spectacleon a scale never before possible and never before attempted". Christy Lemire ofThe Associated Press wrote in her review that Nolan concluded his trilogy in a"typically spectacular, ambitious fashion", but disliked the "overloaded" story andexcessive grimness; "This is the problem when you’re an exceptional, visionaryfilmmaker. When you give people something extraordinary, they expect it everytime. Anything short of that feels like a letdown." Like its predecessor it performedwell at the box office, becoming the thirteenth film in the world to gross over $1billion.

During a midnight showing of the film at the Century 16 cinema in Aurora,9Colorado, a gunman opened fire inside the theater, killing 12 people and injuring58 others. Nolan released a statement to the press expressing his condolences forthe victims of what he described as a senseless tragedy.During story discussions for The Dark Knight Rises in 2010, Goyer told Nolanof his idea to present Superman in a modern context. Impressed with Goyer’sconcept, Nolan pitched the idea for Man of Steel (2013) to Warner Bros, whohired Nolan to produce and Goyer to write.

Nolan offered Zack Snyder to directthe film, based on his stylized adaptations of 300 (2007) and Watchmen (2009)and his "innate aptitude for dealing with superheroes as real characters". Starring Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Kevin Costner and Michael Shannon, Man ofSteel grossed more than $660 million at the worldwide box office, but garnered adivisive critical reaction. Nolan and Thomas also served as executive producerson Transcendence (2014), the directorial debut of Nolan’s longtime cinematographer Wally Pfister. Based on a script by Jack Paglen, the film revolves aroundtwo scientists who work toward creating a machine that possesses sentience andcollective intelligence.

Starring Johnny Depp, Rebecca Hall and Paul Bettany,Transcendence was released in theaters on 18 April 2014 to mostly unfavorablereviews. A. A. Dowd of The A.V. Club gave the film a C- rating, pointing outthat "[Pfister] lacks Nolan’s talent for weaving grand pop spectacle out of culturalanxieties."In January 2013 it was announcedthat Nolan would direct, write andproduce a science-fiction film entitledInterstellar. The first drafts of thescript were written by Jonathan Nolan,and it was originally to be directed bySteven Spielberg.