N. Kryazheva - The United States and the United Kingdom. Past and Present (pdf), страница 26

In electronics, magnetic corememory, radar, single electron transistors, and inertial guidance controls were invented or substantiallydeveloped by MIT researchers.Traditions and student activities. The faculty and student body highly value meritocracy andtechnical proficiency. MIT has never awarded an honorary degree nor does it award athletic scholarships,or Latin honors upon graduation. However, MIT has twice awarded honorary professorships; to WinstonChurchill in 1949 and Salman Rushdie in 1993.Current students and alumni wear a large, heavy, distinctive class ring known as the "Brass Rat."Originally created in 1929, the ring's official name is the "Standard Technology Ring." The undergraduatering design (a separate graduate student version exists as well) varies slightly from year to year to reflectthe unique character of the MIT experience for that class, but always features a three-piece design, withthe MIT seal and the class year each appearing on a separate face, flanking a large rectangular bezelbearing an image of a beaver.

The initialism IHTFP, representing the formal school motto and jocularlyeuphemized as "I have truly found paradise", "Institute has the finest professors", and other variations, isfeatured on the ring given its historical prominence in student culture.Faculties. MIT has 1,008 faculty members, of whom 195 are women and 172 are minorities. Faculty isresponsible for lecturing classes, advising both graduate and undergraduate students, and sitting onacademic committees, as well as conducting original research. 25 MIT faculty members have won theNobel Prize.

Among current and former faculty members, there are 51 National Medal of Science andTechnology recipients, 80 Guggenheim Fellows, 6 Fulbright Scholars, 29 MacArthur Fellows, 5 DiracMedal winners, 5 Wolf Prize winners, and 4 Kyoto Prize winners.Faculty members who have madeextraordinary contributions to t their research field as well as the MIT community are grantedappointments as Institute Professors for the remainder of their tenures.STANFORD UNIVERSITYStanford University or Stanford, is a private research university located in Stanford, California, UnitedStates. Stanford was founded in 1885 by former California governor and senator Leland Stanford and hiswife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, as a memorial to their son Leland Stanford Jr., who died of typhoid in Europea [few weeks before his 16th birthday.

The Stanfords used their farm lands to establish the universityhoping to create a large institution in California.Stanford enrolls about 6,700 undergraduate and about 8,000 graduate students from the United Statesand around the world every year. Its graduates are famous all over the world. They have foundedcompanies like Hewlett-Packard, Sun Microsystems, Nvidia, Yahoo, Cisco Systems, Silicon Graphics andGoogle.Stanford University is a tax-exempt corporate trust owned and governed by a privately-appointed 35member Board of Trustees.

Trustees serve for five-year term (not more than two consecutive terms) andmeet five times annually.The Board appoints a President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university and proscribe theduties of professors and course of study, manage financial and business affairs, and appoint nine vicepresident posts.The university is organized into seven schools: School of Humanities and Sciences, School ofEngineering, School of Earth Sciences, School of Education, Graduate School of Business, Stanford LawSchool and the Stanford University School of Medicine.

Stanford University is a large, highly residentialresearch university with a majority of enrollments coming from graduate and professional students. TheStanford University Libraries hold a collection of more than eight million volumes. The main library in theSU library system is Green Library.Stanford University is the home to the Cantor Center for Visual Arts museum with 24 galleries,sculpture gardens, terraces, and a courtyard first established in 1891 by Jane and Leland Stanford as amemorial to their only child. Notably, the Center possesses the largest collection of Rodin works outsideof Paris, France.Stanford is considered to be one of the best universities in the world.

The Stanford Law School isranked second in the nation while its Education School and Business School are both ranked first.Stanford School of Medicine is currently ranked eighth in research according to US Stanford's currentcommunity of scholars includes: 18 Nobel Prize laureates; 135 members of the National Academy ofSciences.OPEN UNIVERSITY (OU)The Open University (OU) is the United Kingdom's only university dedicated to distance learning.

Thereare around 150,000 undergraduate and more than 30,000 postgraduate students. 10,000 of our studentshave disabilities. The Open University's style of teaching is called supported open learning. Nearly allstudents are studying part-time. About 70 per cent of undergraduate students are in full-time employment.More than 50,000 students are sponsored by their employers for their studies.

11,000 people arecurrently studying for OU Higher Degrees. Most OU courses are available throughout Europe. Some ofthem are available in many other parts of the world. More than 25,000 OU students live outside the UK. Athird of the UK undergraduate students have entry qualifications lower than those normally demanded byother UK universities.The mission of the Open University is open to people, places, methods and ideas.It promotes educational opportunity and social justice by providing high-quality university education toall who wish to realise their ambitions and fulfil their potential.Through academic research, pedagogic innovation and collaborative partnership it seeks to be a worldleader in the design, content and delivery of supported open and distance learning.The Open University was the world's first successful distance teaching university.Born in the 1960s, the 'White Heat of Technology' era, the Open University was founded on the beliefthat communications technology could bring high quality degree-level learning to people who had not had the opportunity to attend campus universities.New methods of learning also came to the fore with the rapid growth in the use of computers.

Newstudy methods were added to the multi-media mix.In times of fast-changing technology, e-learning methods were incorporated into most of theuniversity's courses, where such methods best met students' needs. As part of its commitment toeducating all, the university began to commission peak-time series for broadcast on BBC TV.The 1990s were a time for celebration too: 1998 saw the 25th anniversary of the university's firstgraduation ceremony and the conferment of the university's 200,000th graduate.Today more than 180,000 students are interacting with the OU online fromhome.• Each week, 25,000 students view their academic records online.• When exam results were available, 85,000 students viewed them online• The student guidance website receives 70,000 page hits per week.• The Open Library receives more than 2.5 million page views each year.• 110,000 students use the conferencing system.• There are 16,000 conferences, of which 2,000 are organised and moderated by students themselves.This intensity of usage allows colleagues to do pioneering research on the most effective approachesto online teaching and learning that gives the OU world leadership in this field.The Open University's style of teaching is called 'supported open learning', also known as 'distancelearning'.Open learning means that you will be learning in your own time by reading course material, working oncourse activities, writing assignments and perhaps working with other students.Supported means support from a tutor and the student services staff at Regional Centres, as well asfrom centralised areas such as the Library or Open University Students Association.Some courses include a residential or day school.

These are held at various times and locations.Many courses also include:• tutorials, often held at your local Regional Centre,• residential or day school, held at a variety of locations.Tutorials are a good idea as they give you a chance to meet your tutor and some fellow students, butthey aren't usually compulsory. Residential or day schools may be a required component to pass thecourse.Most courses last for 6 or 9 months, so you will usually find that you are away, on holiday, or busywith other things for some part of the course. You'll do better if you try to get ahead so that you do someplanned activities early, before you goaway, rather than trying to catch up when you return.

If you fall behrnd, contact your tutor who will helpyou decide how best to get back on track.Your tutor will support your progress throughout the course. You will receive details of your tutoraround the course start date.Your tutor will be an expert in the subject and appreciates what it is like to study at a distance.Your tutor will support you by:• Correspondence tuition. Your tutor will mark your course assignments and give you written feedback.Think of this as a way of using your tutor's expertise to further your knowledge and develop your learningskills.• Tutorial support.

For many courses, your tutor will arrange tutorial support for a small group of students.This support may be face to face, online or by phone, depending on the course and the circumstances ofthe group.• Individual assistance by phone, in writing or by e-mail. Your tutor will explain when and how to makecontact so do get in touch when you need help.IVY LEAGUEThe Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in theNortheastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools consideredas a group.