Ю.М. Ткачевский - Прогрессивная система исполнения уголовных наказаний, страница 12

Bonpoc 0 M M H M M ~ J I ~ HYaCTMO~~nMqaM,CpOKa H a K a 3 a H M R , n O C n e O T ~ ~ I T M FKI O T O ~ OB03MO)fCHO~~YCJIOBHO-AO-nonomeEro P e n e H M e 6 b l J I 0 I I p e A O C T a B J I e H O YCMOTpeHMIO anMMHMcT~~~Mnarepx.MHe o n p e n e n e m 1 B I I o n o x e ~ ~M nT ~ ~ ~ O B ~ HCpOYHOe O C B O ~ O X A ~ H MMC~ npaBMBUIerOCR 3aKJIIOYeHHOr0, BHMM H e P e U I e H .M R ,n p e A ' b R B J I R e ~ b 1 e K YCJIOBHO-AOCpOYHOMy O C B O ~ O X A ~ ~ M O MBY T e s e HMe MCIIbITaTeJIbHOrO C p O K a H a X O X A e H M R B HOCeneHMM.Z/IperueHMe3 T O r 0 B O n p O C a 6 b I n 0 OTAaHO H a O T K y n aAMMHMCTPaqMM.Ha npennpnmMfix M npoMbIcnax, npoxM-HbIX H a O ~ J I ~ ~ Y ~ H PHe XOMMM e , MMeJIM n p a B 0 BbIXOAa3 a M e H e OAHOrO H a KJIaCCMYeCKOrO YC-CMCTeMe MClIOJIHeHHR H a K a 3 a H M R .~ ~ K J I I O Y ~ H HHaXOARlIJMeCR~ I ~ ,H a o ~ J I ~ ~ Y ~ H HP oe XMM M e , MOrJIHp a 6 0 ~ a ~B by s p e x A e H M x x ,6b1~bB b I p a X e H O M IIPMTO Xe K a C a e T C Re T MCnOJIHeHMe H a K a 3 a H M R M MOBTOMY H e OTHOCMTCR K I I ~ o ~ ~ ~ c c M B H o ~ ~J I e T JIMIUeHMR C B O ~ O A ~38I HeKOpbICTHbIe IIpeCTYnJIeHMR.KO BTOPOR K a T e r O p M M OTHOCHnMCb T e Xe 3 a K J I I O Y e H H b I e , HO O C y X -MOXeTKa3aHMR APYrMM HaKa3aHMeM.OT I e p e ~ oH ~a noceneme 6b1n B O ~ M O X ~ MH nocne O T ~ ~ I T M~Ra ~ a 3 a narepe.

C p o ~T a K o r o n o c e n e H m B ~ G J I M BnarepxH~as~asanc~n p e ~ e n e H~a s~a ne b ~H M K a n a r e p R (CT. 43). H ~ Y ~ ~narepx~ H MH a AKe -JIHWR B~ HeKOTOPbIMM~ ~ RIIOJIHOMOYMRMM, K O T O P b I e M O r Y T M M e T b TOJIbKOC.YA~M. ~ ~ O A J I ~ CHp OMK a~ JIMUIeHMR C B O ~ O A ~n OI C e J I e H M e M RBJIRJIOCbnP~~~npoH~O~OCHOB~HHOCT~J MCIIOJIHeHMRI ~ e ~ ~ H ea K a~3 a H M R , TO e C T b 3 J l e M e H T O Mr P e ~ ~ CMCTeMbI~ ~ ~ ~MCIIOJIHeHMRJ %HaKa3aHMR.I I p O A n e H M R C p O K a OnHOrO H a K a 3 a H M R A P Y r M M , H e O l T p e A e J I e H H b I M C y AOM B K a g e C T B e ~ 0 n 0 J r H M T e J r b H O r 0H a K a a a H M R , O S e B M A H a .P a c c ~ a ~ p ~ s a e ~ BMAb I f YCJIOBHO-J4OCp09HOrOiO C B O ~ O X C & ~ H M OTRn # r u e H w ~ C B O ~ O A ~IIpMMeHRJICRITOJIbKO B CMCTeMe M C n P a B M T e J I b H O TpY&OBbIX J I a r e p e f i .B JIarepRH a n p a B J I R J I M C b J I M q a , OCyXCAeHHbIe C y -AaMM K JIMUIeHMH) C B O ~ O A ~HI a CPOK CBbILUe T p e X J I e T .

Te XCe, K T 0O C y X A a J I c I I K M e H e e npOAOJIXCMTeJIbHbIM C p O K a M H a K a 3 a H M R , O T ~ ~ I -o n p e ~ e n e H H a R C ~ H K U M R ) .~ P H B ~ ~ ~ HH OHp M~ aR BBOAMna.06'be~~MBBMeHeHMe- O T B e T C T B e H H O C T b IIPM OTCYTCTBMM C O B e p U l e H M RnpecTynJIeHMaHa n p a K T M K e CT. 5 8 1 6YK PC@CP 1926 r.

I I p M M e H R J I a C bB e ~ H M K a MJIMU, P e n p e C C M p O B a H H b I X MHe)).Eonee3aK POACT-MHbIe BMAbl C(M3MeHblPOAM-TOrO, H e TOJIbKO CCbIJIKa, HO M JIMLUeHMe C B O ~ O A ~I IIP M M e -H R J I M C ~K a K K BBPOCJIbIM, T a K M K HeCOBepllIeHHOJIeTHMM.M BOT T a K M X0 6 b 1 9 H b 1 ~M e C T a X JIMIIIeHMR C B O ~ O A ~BI . J I a r e P R OTnpaBJIR-. a p e c T a H T o B D B 1940 r. G ~ I J I O B narepnx M M H ~ I Xy m n ~ x q a x1344JIMCb M J I M q a , < ( O C y X A e H H b I e O C O ~ ~ IIIOCTaHOBJIeHMeMM~ ~ ' ~ ~ Q M H ~ H H o ~- ~ J I o B ~ K ~ ' .ro r o c y ~ a p c ~ s e ~I~Ioor no ~ ~ ~ ~ eYcn~poa r~ on e ~ ~JIareprrm ) . BxonMnMM~npaBMTeJrbH0-TpyA0BbIeJ I a r e p R RBJIRJIMCb OCHOBHbIMH M e C T a BaJIMero BB CMCTeMY ~ T O I - oY n p a s n e ~ H~a~ HMX,H e p a c n p o c T p a H R a c x MTKPCQCP 1924 r., a n o 3 ~ ~ Me eMTK PCOCP 1933 r.Oco6oe C O B e I 4 a H M e O C y I 4 e C T B J I R J I O B H ~ c ~ A ~ ~ pHe r I~p eI COc M I o .~ H ~ ~ M T ~ eeJ IYCHJIeHMe~ H O ~ npOM3OIIIJIO nOCJre ~ O C T ~ H O B J I ~ H M4MICR14 CHK CCCP OT 5 H O R ~ P R1934 r.

((060 ~ 0 6 c0o s~e x q a H M M n p M HaponHOM K O M M C C ~ PBMH~ ~T T~ ~ ~ HAenH MC0Io3aXCCP)) (C3. 1935. N9 11.C T . 84). B CT. 1 3 T O r O nOCTaHOBJIeHMR H ~ ~ O A H OKOMMCCaPYMYBHYTP e H H M X A e J I CCCP 6blJI0 ITpeAOCTaBJIeHO n p a B 0 ITpMMeHfITb K J I M q a M ,MM JIMLUeHMII C B O ~ O A ~CI 1930 no 1956 r., a 3 a ~ Hea s~a n a c b anoxan o ~ ~ e n eMX~ JIMKBMAaqMM~ ~ f iM n P e B P a I 4 e H M f I B MCllPaBMTeJIbHO-TPYA o B M e KOJIOHMM.BJ I a r e p I I X KOHL(eHTpMp0BaJIMCb MHOrOTbICR'IHbIe M a C C b I P e n p e C -c M p O B a H H b I X M O C Y X A e H H b I X K JIMUIeHMH) C B O ~ O , ~Kawgbrfi~I.JrarepbO ~ ~ O MKOJIMseCTBOHO~JIIO&eI%, BOnareps, O ~ ~ ~ J I M ~ M B ~ J TOI OHC c~K, n m q a n o Aaxe n o c T a BOIIPOCa 06 H H A M B M A Y ~ J I ~ HBO O~ ~C ~ H T ~ T ~ J I p~ aH6O0 ~~ ~eC 3a-MMeJI MHOrO'IMCJIeHHbIe @MJIMaJIbl.ABopeHHbIx BHOBKYn p M 3 H a H H b I M O ~ ~ ~ C T B ~OnaCHbIMM,H H OCCbIJIKY, BbICbIJIKY K a K BHYT-PMCTpaHbI, T a K M3a ee npeqenbr,M nMrueHMe C B O ~ O A ~BI.

Aanb~eGi-U I e M BO3MOXCHOCTM H p M M e H e H M R B H ~ C Y A ~ ~ Hp e~n Ip XeccMfipacruwpeabl.Bcero B CCCP6 b 1 n ~e y eCTynHOrO M M p a K O H C O J I M ~ M p O B a J I a C bH a OCHOBe BOPOBCKMX 3aKOHOB Mo 6 ~ s a e OH^~ . 06npana O C H O B H P W3CTb 3 a l W I I 0 9 e H H b I X ,@ ~ H K ~ M O H M P O B ~ J I53O J I a r e p R C ~ O J I ~ L U MW4CJIOMM@MJIM~JIoB.

B HMX HaXOAMJIOCb 6 o J I b L U o e sMCJIO 3 a K J I m 9 e H H b I X .OTHOCMJICR K lTOJIMTMSeCKMM 3aKJIKISeHHbIM. ~ P M Y ~ Mn O,C J I e A H e er . B J I a r e p R X O T ~ ~ I B ~ JJIMLUeHMeIMC B O ~ O A ~1ITMYecKMY e T b I p e X c T a X A B a A q a T M URTMMTKMB 1940316 000 s e J I O B e K , a BnRTMAeCRTM BTK - 352 000TePPOPM3MPO-B a J I a MX, A e J I a R n p M 3TOM B K q e H T H a nOAaBJIeHMM, YrHeTeHMM T e X , K T 0n o o x q p ~ ~ ~ ~o cA bM M H I I C T P ~ narepek~ M ~ ~ ~ B narepnxC T y n e H H HaXOAMJIMCb MHMMbIe M3MeHHMKI.I@a~-H a OAHO#POAMH~IM JIMqa,COTPYA-HMSaBLUMe C H ~ M ~ U , K O - ( $ ~ ~ U I M C T C K M MOMKKynaHTaMM.

J I a r e p l I P a C n O J I a -P O A M H ~a IO, C' ,T a J I b H b I e- OCyXCAeHHbIMM 3a O ~ I X J ~ Y ~ O J I O BripeH~~~C T y n J I e H M R . C o n e p ~ a J I M c b3TM K a T e r O p M M JIMq COBMeCTHO C U e J I b I OO K ~ ~ ~ H, qHa s Rn e H M R y r o n o B H o r o 6ecnpe~enaH a n o n w T m e c K M x 3aK J I I o 9 e H H b I X . M ~ o r M e((M3MeHHMKM POAMH~I,,~ ~ I J I pMe I I p e C C M P O B a H b I6e3 O C y X A e H M R , 3a M M @ M ~ ~ c K Mn p~eCTYIIJIeHMR. T ~ K MB pMarOM Ha-ponaCTan, HanpMMep, n M c a T e n bB o p ~ A~RKOB,cO ~B M H ~ HBH ((npo~ I ~ ~6ypmyaa~ofiMOpaJIM)), a MMeHHO 38 MHCqeHMpOBKY P O M a H a3. T u n c ~ o r o~ ( A H KH a~ p e ~ ~ ~ a a ~ .B COOTBeTCTBMM CO CT.

5 8 1 6 Y E PC@CP 1926 r. COBepLUeHHOJIeTHMe YJIeHM C e M b M B O e H H O C J I Y X a L q e r O , COBepLUMBLUerO no6er MJIM nep e n e T 3a r p a m q y , C o B M e c T H o c HMM npomxsasune MnM HaXOAMBrumecs H a ero M m A M s e H n M , A a w e e c n M OHM H M 4 e r 0 H e B H ~ J I Mo eroraJIMCb BAaJIM OT K P Y n H b I X HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHKTOB.6b1n0 BO C O ~ ~ HMHOrOHO3 a ~ n m s e ~ ~ bB 1narepnxenpMsneKaJrMcb, KaKJIbIM + H ~ M ~ ~ C K Mp MaM ~ o r 3~J I eeM e H T b I6 0 ~ a( J~ Inpaanno,M3MeHeP O A M IIOAJIeXCaJIMH~,JIMIIIeHMH, ~ 3 6 M p a ~ e J I b H nb pl a~ B M CCbInKeK Trrme-~ c o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PYAHMKM~ o T K M M, T.

II.).U ~ O ~ ~ ~ C C MCMCTeMbI,B H O ~ ~O C O ~ ~ H HTOe M 3 HMX,KOTOpbIe BeJIM K CMRFIrSeHMW K a p a T e J I b H O r O COAepXCaHMR H a K a a a H M R ,~ ~ I J I TOJIbKOMA e K J I a P M p O B a H b l , HO B OCHOBHOM H e npMMeHRJIMCb.naraHAeB O T A a J I e H H b I e p a f i 0 ~ b 1 C M ~ M PHMa I I R T M J I ~ T H M CpOK~~(~~COJIWTHOMXMeCTHOCTRX C T R X e J I b l M M KJIMMaTMYeCKMMM YCJIOBMIIMM.8 4. B O C C T ~ H O BnJ p~ o~ rHpHe c~ c ~ ~ ~CllCTeMbIoiiEfCnOnHeHHR JIMIIIeHHS C B O ~ O A Mnocne BenarcoG O ~ e s e c ~ s e ~BOGHM~oGIHRTMII ~ O J I O X ~ H M I 06I WCnpaBMTeJIbHO-TpY~OBbIXKOJIOHMIIX M TH)PbMax B1958 r. OCHOBH~IMMMeCTaMM JIMUI.HMJ3C B O ~ O CTaJIM~ ~ I MCnpa-M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T e J I bHH~ OK r~O~ ~ H M TOTI I ' . BbIBOA I I p e A C T a B J I R e T C RB YK P@ O r p a H M S e H M e C B O ~ O & ( ~BKJIKJSeHOIB CMCTeMY H ~ K ~ ~ ~ H M R .I T e p e ~ onMU,~B C T a B m M x H a n y T b M c n p a B n e H M f i , M3 M c n p a B M -BMTeJlbHO-TpYAOBbIe KOJIOHMM C T p e M I I BMAaMM P e W M M a : O ~ W M M ,06JIerZIeHHbIM M CTpOrHM.OTAJIR 3aKJIH39eHHbIX,pa60~b1M H a P Y U I a B U I M X3JIOCTHO YKJIOHRBUIMXCRP e X M M , CIIeUMaJIbHO l l P e A Y C M a T P M B a J I C RT ~ J I ~ H O - T P Y A O B ~ I~Xo J I o H M ~B~ MCnpaBMTeJIbHO-TpYAOBbIe KOJIOHMM-C T P O ~ Mpe3KMM.~ ~~ ~ K J I H ) S ~ H3~H 0~f IKi ~a T e r O p M M , XOTII M OCTaBaJIMCb~ O C ~ J I ~ H MIIBJIReTCRR.3JIeMeHTOM ~ T P O ~ P ~ C C M B HCMCTeMbIO~~MCIIOJIHe-n o n o m e ~ 6b1na~ e ~ npexycM O r r p e H a B03MOWHOCTb IXepeBOAOB 3aKJIIoW2HHbIX no M e p e MX M C n p a B JIeHMR M 3 CTpOrMX P e X M M O B B 60nee M R r K M e M KIepeBOAbI 3aKJIIoseHHblX, 3JIOCTHO H a P Y U I a l O W M X P e X M M , H a 6onee C T p O r M e P e W M M b I .HMR YrOJIOBHbIX ~ a ~ a 3 a ~ M~ f Pi .

O ~ ~KapaTeJIbHO-BOCnMTaTenbHOrOC CB KOJIOHMM, HO C o A e p x c a n M c b B K a M e p a x .n p e ~ y c ~ a ~ p M ~ a . J ' I a c bTaKXCe BO3MOXHOCTb XIpOXMBaHMR 3aKJIH)SeHI060~~0-BaHHbIM.narepa. BnxH ~ I XB H e KOJIOHMM MJIMp e w M M a KonoHMM O r x p e A e n n n c nOCYXAeHHOMY ~ A M M H M C T T~ H~) P~b MMb I~, B~ K~O T O P O ~OH~ COAePXaJICRA0B C T y n J I e H M R n p M r O B O p a B 3aKOHHYH) CMJIY.T ~ CMa M b l M ,T R X e C T M BMAa JIMUIeHMa C B O ~ O A ~P Ie U a J I C I I H e CYAOM,aBOnpOC 0HaSaJIbHM-KOM T W P b M b I (CJI~,~CTB€!HHO~OM ~ O J I I I T O ~ ~ ) .Y K ~ ~ IOl Mp e 3 ~ ~ B~ eyp x~ oa~ ~ o Cr oo ~ e PC@CP~aOT 29 a s r y c T a~ O J I O X ~ H06M ~MCnpaBMTeJIbHO-TpyAOBbIXKOnOHMIiX M T I O P b M a X . M C ~ P ~ B M T ~ J I ~ H O - T PKOJIOHMMY ~ ~ O B ~C OI 3~A a B a n n c b s e T b I p e x BMAOB p e x M M a : o64er0, ycmemoro, c T p o r o r o M oco601-0 ( B M ~ C T OT p e X no ~ o ~ o W ~ H M 1958H )r.).

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B 3Ha9M~ e n b ~ oMf ei p e B peaJIM3aUMlO ~ T ~ o ~ ~ ~ c c MCMCTeMbIB H o ~ ~MCllOJIHeHMRYrOnOBHbIX H a ~ a 3 a H M f iIIOAKJIIo'IaeTCR YrOJIOBHOe 3 a K O H O A a T e J I b C T -BO,o9 e M ~ O A ~ O ~6 HyO ~ce~ ~a 3 a ~B oxanb~eiirue~.~ ~ M M H H C TTI O~P b~M b~I , MK a K~ p~a ~ b U I e ) .Bp a C C M a T p M B a e M O M n 0 J I O X e H M M T e p M M H UIpOI'peCCMBHaJXCMC-T e M a , , H e YnOMHHaJICR, OAHaKO O T A e J I b H b I e BMAbI M3MeHeHMR n p a B 0 BOrO n O J I O X e H M H 3 a K J I H ) 4 e H H b I X B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT MX IIOBeAeHMRMMeJIM MeCTO.B 1963 r.BCCCPBO3HMKJIM MCnpaBMTeJIbHO-TPYAOBbIeKOJIO-HMM-nOCeneHMR, B KOTOPbIe llePeBOAMJIMCb M 3 K O J I O H M 064er0,~~YCMn e H H O r 0 M C T p O r O r O P e m M M a OCyXCAeHHbIe, BCTaBUIMe H a n y T b MCnpaBJIeHMR.3 a ~ 6eb 1~ n ~C 0 3 A a H b IMCnpaBMTeJIbHO-TpyAOBbIe3a HeOCTOPO?KHbIe ripe-KOJIOHMM-nOCeJIeHMS3 AJIR JIMq, O C Y X A e H H b I XCTynJIeHMII,a3 a T e M M AJIII JIMq, B l T e p B b I e O C Y X A e H H b I X K JIMUIeHMH)C B O ~ O ~3a~ HI eTmrcKMe n p e c T y n n e H m .K O ~ O H M M - n o c e ncooxae~~siBaJIMCb K a K pa3HOBMAHOCTb MeCT JIMUIeHMR C B O ~ O ~ HO~ I .3 T a lTOlTbITIca o ~ a 3 a n a c b~ e c o c ~ o x ~ e n b K~ oOf~i .O H H M - n o c e nHee ~o ~x paa e s r o T CR, PeXMMHbIMM npaBMJIaMM p a 3 p e U I e H O B C B O ~ O ~ HOTO pa60~b1~BpeMIIA00~6011IXepeMeIQaTbCXf noOCYXnpPl06pe~a~bX M J I b I e CTpOeHMII,M TX ~O BC RR~ ~ C T B O MH T.