Reading Essentials for Biology Glencoe
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Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted toreproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced onlyfor classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be usedsolely in conjunction with a Glencoe Science program. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, isprohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027ISBN 0-07-874189-0Printed in the United States of America.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 009 09 08 07 06 05ContentsTo the Student . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viCHAPTER 1 Biology: The Study of Life1.1 What is biology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 The Methods of Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Reading Essentials for BiologyCHAPTER 8 Cellular Transport and theCell Cycle8.1 Cellular Transport . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 798.2 Cell Growth and Reproduction . . . . . . 838.3 Control of the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . 871.3 The Nature of Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8CHAPTER 9 Energy in a CellCHAPTER 2 Principles of Ecology2.1 Organisms and Their Environment . . 102.2 Nutrition and Energy Flow . . . . . . . . . 17CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes9.2 Photosynthesis: Trapping theSun’s Energy . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929.3 Getting Energy to Make ATP . . . . . . . 963.1 Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24CHAPTER 10 Mendel and Meiosis3.2 Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2810.1 Mendel’s Laws of Heredity . . . . . . . . 100CHAPTER 4 Population BiologyCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.9.1 The Need for Energy . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 8910.2 Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084.1 Population Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34CHAPTER 11 DNA and Genes4.2 Human Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4011.1 DNA: The Molecule of Heredity . . . 114CHAPTER 5 Biological Diversity andConservation5.1 Vanishing Species . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 445.2 Conservation of Biodiversity . . . . . . . . 50CHAPTER 6 The Chemistry of Life6.1 Atoms and Their Interactions . . . . . . . 536.2 Water and Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.3 Life Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 65CHAPTER 7 A View of the Cell11.2 From DNA to Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . 11811.3 Genetic Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124CHAPTER 12 Patterns of Heredity and HumanGenetics12.1 Mendelian Inheritance ofHuman Traits . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 12812.2 When Heredity FollowsDifferent Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13112.3 Complex Inheritance ofHuman Traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357.1 The Discovery of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68CHAPTER 13 Genetic Technology7.2 The Plasma Membrane . . . . . . . . .
. . . 7113.1 Applied Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407.3 Eukaryotic Cell Structure . . . . . . . . . . 7413.2 Recombinant DNA Technology . . . . 14413.3 The Human Genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148iiiCHAPTER 14 The History of LifeCHAPTER 23 Plant Structure and Function14.1 The Record of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15123.1 Plant Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . 25714.2 The Origin of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15823.2 Roots, Stems, and Leaves . . . . . . . . . . 263CHAPTER 15 The Theory of Evolution15.1 Natural Selection and the Evidencefor Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 16315.2 Mechanisms of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . 169CHAPTER 16 Primate Evolution16.1 Primate Adaptation and Evolution . . 17523.3 Plant Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272CHAPTER 24 Reproduction in Plants24.1 Life Cycles of Mosses, Ferns,and Conifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27624.2 Flowers and Flowering . . . .
. . . . . . . . 28324.3 The Life Cycle of aFlowering Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28716.2 Human Ancestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179CHAPTER 25 What is an animal?CHAPTER 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity17.1 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18425.1 Typical Animal Characteristics .
. . . . 29625.2 Body Plans and Adaptations . . . . . . . . 302CHAPTER 18 Viruses and BacteriaCHAPTER 26 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms,and Roundworms18.1 Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19326.1 Sponges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30818.2 Archaebacteria and Eubacteria . . . . . . 20026.2 Cnidarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 312CHAPTER 19 Protists26.3 Flatworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31819.1 The World of Protists . . . . . . . . . . . . 20726.4 Roundworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32319.2 Algae: Plantlike Protists . . . . . . . . . .
. 212CHAPTER 27 Mollusks and Segmented Worms19.3 Slime Molds, Water Molds, andDowny Mildews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21827.1 Mollusks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326CHAPTER 20 Fungi20.1 What is a fungus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22220.2 The Diversity of Fungi . . . . . . .
. . . . . 226CHAPTER 21 What is a plant?27.2 Segmented Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332CHAPTER 28 Arthropods28.1 Characteristics of Arthropods . . . . . . 33828.2 Diversity of Arthropods . . . . . . . . . . . 34421.1 Adapting to Life on Land . . . . . . . . . . 233CHAPTER 29 Echinoderms and InvertebrateChordates21.2 Survey of the Plant Kingdom . . . . . . . 23829.1 Echinoderms . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351CHAPTER 22 The Diversity of Plants29.2 Invertebrate Chordates . . . . . . . . . . . 35922.1 Nonvascular Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243CHAPTER 30 Fishes and Amphibians22.2 Non-Seed Vascular Plants .
. . . . . . . . 24630.1 Fishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36422.3 Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25030.2 Amphibians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371ivCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.17.2 The Six Kingdoms .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188CHAPTER 31 Reptiles and BirdsCHAPTER 36 The Nervous System31.1 Reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37636.1 The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44231.2 Birds . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38336.2 The Senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450CHAPTER 32 Mammals32.1 Mammal Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . 38832.2 Diversity of Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . 39236.3 The Effects of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455CHAPTER 37 Respiration, Circulation, andExcretion37.1 The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . .
. . 462CHAPTER 33 Animal Behavior33.1 Innate Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39737.2 The Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . . . 46637.3 The Urinary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47433.2 Learned Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404CHAPTER 38 Reproduction and DevelopmentCHAPTER 34 Protection, Support, andLocomotion34.1 Skin: The Body’s Protection . . . . . . .
40934.2 Bones: The Body’s Support . . . . . . . . 41434.3 Muscles for Locomotion . . . . . . . . . . 420CHAPTER 35 The Digestive and EndocrineSystems35.1 Following Digestion of a Meal . . . . . 42438.1 Human Reproductive Systems . . . . . . 47738.2 Development Before Birth . . . . . . . . . 48638.3 Birth, Growth, and Aging . . . . . . . .
. 493CHAPTER 39 Immunity from Disease39.1 The Nature of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 49739.2 Defense Against InfectiousDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50435.2 Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 430Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.35.3 The Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . 435vTo the StudentReading Essentials for BiologyReading Essentials for Biology is designed to help you read, learn, andunderstand biology. Biology content is presented by sections in a totalof 39 chapters.
Each section is divided into Before You Read, Read toLearn, and After You Read.Before You Read helps you organize your thoughts by drawing fromprior knowledge, asking questions about information you would like tobetter understand, or finding clues in the text about the topics that willbe covered.In Read to Learn, the text focuses on key biology concepts. Key termsare reinforced and redefined. Read to Learn contains margin features tohelp you understand, organize, and reinforce new information.
