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At the simplest level, there are three major types of entitiesinvolved in the Human Space Flight Program: NASA field centers,NASA programs carried out at those centers, and industrial andacademic contractors. The centers provide the buildings, facilities,and support services for the various programs. The programs, alongwith field centers and Headquarters, hire civil servants and contractors from the private sector to support aspects of their enterprises.TONASATHE LOCATIONSNASA Headquarters, located in Washington D.C., is responsible forleadership and management across five strategic enterprises: Aerospace Technology, Biological and Physical Research, Earth Science,Space Science, and Human Exploration and Development of Space.NASA Headquarters also provides strategic management for theSpace Shuttle and International Space Station programs.The Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, was established in1961 as the Manned Spacecraft Center and has led the developmentof every U.S.

manned space flight program. Currently, Johnson ishome to both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station Program Offices. The facilities at Johnson include the training, simulation, and mission control centers for the Space Shuttle and SpaceStation. Johnson also has flight operations at Ellington Field, wherethe training aircraft for the astronauts and support aircraft for theSpace Shuttle Program are stationed, and manages the White SandsTest Facility, New Mexico, where hazardous testing is conducted.The Kennedy Space Center was created to launch the Apollo missions to the Moon, and currently provides launch and landing facilities for the Space Shuttle. The Center is located on Merritt Island,Florida, adjacent to the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station that alsoprovides support for the Space Shuttle Program (and was the siteof the earlier Mercury and Gemini launches).

Personnel at Kennedy support maintenance and overhaul services for the Orbiters,assemble and check-out the integrated vehicle prior to launch, andoperate the Space Station Processing Facility where components ofthe orbiting laboratory are packaged for launch aboard the SpaceShuttle. The majority of contractor personnel assigned to Kennedyare part of the Space Flight Operations Contract administered bythe Space Shuttle Program Office at Johnson.The Marshall Space Flight Center, near Hunstville, Alabama, ishome to most NASA rocket propulsion efforts.

The Space ShuttleProjects Office located atMarshall—organizationally part of the SpaceShuttle Program Officeat Johnson—manages themanufacturing and supportcontracts to Boeing Rocketdyne for the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME),to Lockheed Martin for theExternal Tank (ET), and toATK Thiokol Propulsionfor the Reusable SolidRocket Motor (RSRM, themajor piece of the SolidRocket Booster). Marshallis also involved in microgravity research and spaceproduct development programs that fly as payloadson the Space Shuttle.The Stennis Space Centerin Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, is the largest rocketpropulsion test complex inthe United States.

Stennisprovides all of the testingfacilities for the Space16Report Volume IAugust 2003COLUMBIAACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARDShuttle Main Engines and ExternalTank. (The Solid Rocket Boosters aretested at the ATK Thiokol Propulsionfacilities in Utah.)The Ames Research Center at MoffettField, California, has evolved from itsaeronautical research roots to becomea Center of Excellence for informationtechnology. The Centerʼs primary importance to the Space Shuttle Program,however, lies in wind tunnel and arc-jettesting, and the development of thermalprotection system concepts.The Langley Research Center, at Hampton, Virginia, is the agencyʼs primarycenter for structures and materials andsupports the Space Shuttle Program inthese areas, as well as in basic aerodynamic and thermodynamic research.THE PROGRAMSThe two major human space flight efforts within NASA are the Space Shuttle Program and International SpaceStation Program, both headquartered atJohnson although they report to a Deputy Associate Administrator at NASAHeadquarters in Washington, D.C.Space Shuttle ProgramNASA OrganizationAdministratorHuman Exploration & Development of SpaceAssociate AdministratorInternational Space Station andSpace Shuttle ProgramsDeputy Associate AdministratorSpace Shuttle Program OfficeManager, Space Shuttle Program (SSP)Manager, Launch Integration (KSC)Manager, Program IntegrationManager, SSP Safety and Mission AssuranceManager, SSP DevelopmentManager, SSP Logistics (KSC)Space ShuttleAdministrative OfficeSpace ShuttleManagementIntegration OfficeSpace ShuttleBusiness Office(SFOC COTR)Space ShuttleKSC Integration OfficeSpace ShuttleProcessing (KSC)Space ShuttleSystems Integration OfficeSpace ShuttleCustomer and FlightIntegration OfficeSpace ShuttleProjects Office (MSFC)Missions OperationsDirectorateFlight Crew OperationsDirectorateExtravehicular ActivitySpace ShuttleS&MA OfficeSpace ShuttleVehicle Engineering OfficeThe Space Shuttle Program Office atSpace Shuttle Main EngineReusable Solid RocketSolid Rocket BoosterExternal Tank (ET)Motor (RSRM) Office(SRB) Office(SSME) OfficeOfficeJohnson is responsible for all aspectsof developing, supporting, and flyingthe Space Shuttle.

To accomplish thesetasks, the program maintains largeworkforces at the various NASA Centers that host the facilities used by the program. The Space ShuttleThe Boeing Company, Rocketdyne Propulsion & PowerProgram Office is also responsible for managing the Space FlightThe Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International was responsiOperations Contract with United Space Alliance that provides mostble for the development and manufacture of the Space Shuttle Mainof the contractor support at Johnson and Kennedy, as well as a smallEngines, and continues to support the engines as a part of The Boeamount at Marshall.ing Company.

The Space Shuttle Projects Office at Marshall manages the main engines contract, with most of the work performed inTHE CONTRACTORSCalifornia, Stennis, and Kennedy.The Space Shuttle Program employs a wide variety of commercialcompanies to provide services and products. Among these are someof the largest aerospace and defense contractors in the country, including (but not limited to):United Space AllianceThis is a joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin thatwas established in 1996 to perform the Space Flight OperationsContract that essentially conducts the day-to-day operation of theSpace Shuttle. United Space Alliance is headquartered in Houston,Texas, and employs more than 10,000 people at Johnson, Kennedy,and Marshall.

Its contract currently runs through 2005.The Boeing Company, NASA SystemsThe Space Shuttle Orbiter was designed and manufactured byRockwell International, located primarily in Downey and Palmdale,California. In 1996, The Boeing Company purchased the aerospaceassets of Rockwell International, and later moved the Downey operation to Huntington Beach, California, as part of a consolidationof facilities.

Boeing is subcontracted to United Space Alliance toprovide support to Orbiter modifications and operations, with workperformed in California, and at Johnson and Kennedy.Report Volume IATK Thiokol PropulsionATK Thiokol Propulsion (formerly Morton-Thiokol) in BrighamCity, Utah, manufactures the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor segments that are the propellant sections of the Solid Rocket Boosters.The Space Shuttle Projects Office at Marshall manages the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor contract.Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Michoud OperationsThe External Tank was developed and manufactured by MartinMarietta at the NASA Michoud Assembly Facility near New Orleans, Louisiana.

Martin Marietta later merged with Lockheed tocreate Lockheed Martin. The External Tank is the only disposablepart of the Space Shuttle system, so new ones are always underconstruction. The Space Shuttle Projects Office at Marshall manages the External Tank contract.Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire ControlThe Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) panels used on the noseand wing leading edges of the Orbiter were manufactured by LingTemco-Vought in Grand Prairie, Texas. Lockheed Martin acquiredLTV through a series of mergers and acquisitions. The Space ShuttleProgram office at Johnson manages the RCC support contract.August 200317The launch of STS-107 on January 16, 2003..