Гричин С.В., Ульянова О.В. - Английский язык для инженеров сварочного производства, страница 4

There are,however, physical requirements. It is recommended and generally requiredthat all commercial divers pass an annual dive physical examination. Thecommercial diving profession is physical demanding. It is rare to see anactive commercial welder-diver over the age of 50.5We know some welder-divers earn $15,000 per year while others earnin excess of $100,000. Because the majority of welder-divers are paid on aproject-by-project basis, salaries are subject to the same variables as workavailability.

In addition, other factors such as depth, dive method and divingenvironment affect pay rates. The company with whom you gain employmentshould be able to tell you the salary range you can expect to earn.6There are a number of career opportunities for experienced welderdivers.

Many go on to become engineers, instructors, and diving operationssupervisors, fill management positions, qualify as AWS Certified WeldingInspectors (CWI), and serve as consultants for underwater welding operationsand other related fields. Ideally, a career as a welder-diver should serve as astepping stone to other opportunities for those who choose the profession.20Industry has and will continue to demand higher quality standards forunderwater welds and more certification of underwater welding systems andpersonnel.Vocabularysubseariggingfitteralignmentbevelingstrippingpatchscuba diverdraftlapseпогруженный в воду, подводный1) оснастка; 2) сборка, регулировка, установка,монтаж (конструкций, оборудования и т.д.)3) оборудование, оснащение, снаряжениесборщик, слесарь-сборщиквыверка, выравнивание, регулировкаразделка кромоксдирание, обдирание, зачистка, снятие верхнегослоязаплаталёгкий водолаз, аквалангистделать чертеж, проектироватьюр.

прекращение, недействительность права (начто-л.)28Give Russian equivalents to the words in italics.29Continue filling in the following table:Operations both surface welders Operations only welder-divers doand welder-divers doweld setup and preparation, …underwater cutting, …30Correct the following statements to make them correspond to the text.1. Welder-divers must have the skills of commercial diving but need not becertified.2. The majority of work performed by an average welder-diver includes onlywelding operation itself.3.

Welder-divers apply for employment at commercial diving companiesbefore their diver training is completed.4. Commercial welder-diver is the same as scuba diver.5. You cannot be a welder-diver if you are over 50 years old.216. To possess commercial diving skills means to be able to do underwaterweld procedures.7. Welder-divers earn from $15,000 to $100,000 per year depending on theirwork experience.8. To pass a physical examination for welder diver you need to go throughformal training.9.

Past welding experience doesn’t count if you choose to be a welder-diver.31Answer the following questions.1. Who can be a welder-diver?2. What sorts of basic and supplementary skills must a welder-diver possess?3. How can certified surface welders become welder-divers?4. What is more important: receiving the welder-diver qualifications ormaintaining them?5. Why do commercial divers pass an annual dive physical?6. Do welder-divers have any future career opportunities?7. Do you think surface welding equipment can be used underwater?32Translate the following sentences into Russian.1.

Большое количество людей проявляет интерес к профессииподводного сварщика.2. Сварщик-подводник –это квалифицированный сварщик, обладающийвсеми навыками, необходимыми для сварки на поверхности и подводой.3. Перед зачислением в школу сварщиков-подводников кандидатыпроходят обязательное медицинское освидетельствование.4. Полезными навыками сварщиков-подводников являются: фото- ивидеосъемка, создание чертежа, установка оснастки и др.5.

Для многих профессиональных сварщиков навыки подводной сваркистановятся залогом дальнейшего карьерного роста.Speaking33Discuss the following questions in the group.1. The word combination taking the plunge is a set phrase (связанноефразеологическое сочетание). Is it a good title for this text? Why?2. Another set phrase in the text is a stepping stone. What are possiblestepping stones in your welding career?22RevisionName fiveØ types of weldingØ places where welders can workØ welding professionsØ welding coursesØ job related skills23PART 2. THE HISTORY OF WELDINGLead-in1Look at pictures A, B, C of welded constructions and define what timeperiod they refer to.Picture APicture BPicture CReading 12You will read the text Welding History - A Story of Harnessing Heat.Before you read check your knowledge of welding history by doing the shorttest below.1. The history of welding began ina) the Bronze Ageb) the Middle Agesc) the 19th centuryd) the 20 century242.

All of the following improvements of the welding process refer to the 20thcentury EXEPTa) covered electrodeb) electric arcc) shielding gasd) automatic welding3. The invention attributed to a Russian inventor Benardos isa) carbon electrodeb) acetylenec) resistance weldingd) alternating current welding4. The latest welding process having been introduced isa) electrogas weldingb) laser beam weldingc) flux-cored arc weldingd) electroslag welding3Read the text and check your answers in the previous exercise.Welding History - A Story of Harnessing HeatJoining metal and welding history go back severalmillennia starting in the Bronze Age then Iron Agein Europe then the Middle East.

Welding was usedin the Iron pillar in Delhi, India, about 310 AD,weighing 5.4 metric tons (picture at left). TheMiddle Ages brought forge welding, blacksmithspounded hot metal until it bonded. In 1540,Vannoccio Biringuccio released De la pirotechnia,which includes descriptions of the forging operation.Renaissance craftsmen gained skilled in the process,and the welding continued to grow during thefollowing centuries.Welding was transformed during the 19th century. In 1800, SirHumphrey Davy invented the electric arc, and advances in welding continuedwith the metal electrode by a Russian, Nikolai Slavyanov, and an American,C.L.

Coffin late in the 1800s.Acetylene was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, but was notpractical in welding until about 1900, when a suitable blowtorch was25developed. At first, oxyfuel welding was the more popular welding methoddue to its portability and relatively low cost. As the 20th century progressed,it fell out of favor for industrial applications. It was largely replaced with arcwelding, as metal coverings (known as flux) for the electrode that stabilizethe arc and shield the base material from impurities continued to bedeveloped.In 1881 a Russian inventor, Benardos demonstratedthe carbon electrode welding process.

An arc was formedbetween a moderately consumable carbon electrode and thework. A rod was added to provide needed extra metal.Termite welding was invented in 1893, anotherprocess, oxyfuel welding, became well established.Around 1900, A. P. Strohmenger brought a coatedmetal electrode in Britain, which had a more stable arc, andin 1919, alternating current welding was invented by C.J. Holslag, but did notbecome popular for another decade.Resistance welding was developed during the end of the 19th century,with the first patents going to Elihu Thompson in 1885, and he producedadvances over the next 15 years.In 1904 Oscar Kjellberg in Sweden, who started ESAB, invented andpatented the covered electrode.

This electric welding process made strongwelds of excellent quality.World War I caused a major surge in the use of welding processes,with the various military powers attempting to determine which of the severalnew welding processes would be best. The British primarily used arcwelding, even constructing a ship, the Fulagar, with an entirely welded hull.The Americans were more hesitant, but began to recognize the benefits of arcwelding when the process allowed them to repair their ships quickly after aGerman attack in the New York Harbor at the beginning of the war. Arcwelding was first applied to aircraft during the war as well, as some Germanairplane fuselages were constructed using the process.During the 1920s, major advances were made in welding technology,including the introduction of automatic welding in 1920, in which electrodewire was fed continuously.Shielding gas became a subject receiving much attention, as scientistsattempted to protect welds from the effects of oxygen and nitrogen in theatmosphere.

Porosity and brittleness were the primary problems, and thesolutions that developed included the use of hydrogen, argon, and helium aswelding atmospheres.During the following decade, further advances allowed for the weldingof reactive metals like aluminum and magnesium. This, in conjunction with26developments in automatic welding, alternating current, and fluxes fed amajor expansion of arc welding during the 1930s and then during World WarII.A significant invention was defined in a patent by Alexander, filed inDecember 1924, and became known as the Atomic Hydrogen WeldingProcess. It looks like MIG welding but hydrogen is used as the shielding gaswhich also provides extra heat.