1625915643-5d53d156c9525bd62bd0d3434ecdc231 (Netters - Essential Physiology (на английском)), страница 102

See Cerebellumcerebral cortex, 49, 51, 52f-53fdiencephalon, 53hippocampus, 51hypothalamus. See Hypothalamustelencephalon, 49, 52fventricles of, 50fBrainstemanatomy of, 54functions of, 87motor system role of, 79-81Breastfeeding, 320Breathing, 164, 165f. See also Respiration;Respiratory controlBronchi, 150fBronchial epithelium, 152fBronchiolar epithelium, 152fBronchioles, 149Brunner’s glands, 278Buffering, 231-232Buffers, 231Bumetanide, 210α-Bungarotoxin, 36CCable properties, 30Caffeine, 277Calbindin, 298, 351Calcarine cortex, 50fCalcarine sulcus, 50fCalcitonin, 351Calciumalterations of, 348depolarization effects on intracellular levelsof, 44dietary deficiency of, 348extracellular concentrations of, 28homeostasis of, 347plasma concentration of, 347regulation of, 347renal transport of, 213-215small intestine absorption of, 298, 298fCalcium channel blockers, 48Calcium-ATPase, 37Calcium-calmodulin complexdescription of, 44, 46signal transduction, 18fCalmodulin, 16, 44Calsequestrin, 37cAMP, 91, 345Capacitance, 30Capillary hydrostatic pressure, 8Capillary oncotic pressure, 8Carbaminohemoglobin, 183Carbohydratedigestion and absorption of, 291, 293fmetabolism of, 157, 286-287Carbon dioxideacid–base balance and, 183, 185blood-brain barrier passage of, 187diffusion of, 159fdissociation curve for, 183dissolved, 181transport ofbicarbonate ion, 183description of, 181-183schematic diagram of, 182fCarbon monoxidedescription of, 158diffusion capacity of the lung for, 158-160Carbon monoxide poisoning, 184Carbonic anhydrase, 183Carboxyhemoglobin, 184Cardiac action potentials, 101-102Cardiac cycleaortic pressure in, 115atrial pressure, 115definition of, 113illustration of, 114finitiation of, 115isometric periods in, 113phonocardiogram of, 115valve opening and closing sequence in,113ventricular pressure in, 113-114ventricular volumes, 115IndexCardiac function assessments, 119Cardiac function curve, 117, 119, 122-124Cardiac muscleanatomy of, 46, 47f, 48, 100fforce–velocity relationship in, 119, 119fCardiac outputautonomic nervous system regulation of,115-116formula for, 115regulation of, 115-117, 121vascular function and, 121-122venous return and, 121-122Cardiovascular systemcirculation, 97, 99ffunctions of, 97heart.

See HeartCarotid sinus, 131Catecholaminesdescription of, 33t, 87receptors for, 91secretion of, 207Catheters, 109Celiac disease, 300Cell, 30Cell membranedescription of, 3“leakiness” of, 27Cellular transportactive, 14-15, 15f-16fpassive, 13-14Cellulose, 291Central chemoreceptors, 187, 189fCentral diabetes insipidus, 229Central nervous systembrain. See Braincerebrospinal fluid. See Cerebrospinalfluidgastrointestinal system function and, 251ischemic reflex, 134neurotransmitters, 33tspinal cord, 54-55, 55fvertebral column, 50fCentral sleep apnea, 187Cerebellar cortex, 84-85Cerebellumafferent pathways of, 83fanatomy of, 50f, 53-54efferent pathways of, 84ffunctional subdivisions of, 83flobes of, 81, 83fmotor system role of, 81, 83fCerebral aqueduct, 50fCerebral blood flow, 134Cerebral circulation, 134Cerebral cortex, 49, 51, 52f-53fCerebral hemispheres, 49, 52fCerebrospinal fluidcirculation of, 50fcomposition of, 49, 51tsecretion of, 49Cervical plexus, 55cGMP, 127Chemical digestion, 245Chemical synapse, 33, 35fChemoreceptors, 130, 187, 251Chest wallcompliance of, 168elastic recoil of, 163Chief cells, 274, 349Chloride, 209Chloride shift, 183Cholecalciferol.

See Vitamin DCholecystokinin, 262, 267f, 280t, 281Cholera, 268Cholesterol, 283, 287Cholesterol ester hydrolase, 295Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, 289Cholinesterase inhibitor, 39Chordae tendineae, 97, 98fChorionic gonadotropin, 355Choroid plexus, 50fChromaffin cells, 329, 337Chronic glomerulonephritis, 201Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 173,188Chronic pyelonephritis, 224Chronotropic effects, 101Chylomicrons, 287, 295Chyme, 243, 245Cingulate gyrus, 50fCingulate sulcus, 50fCircle of Willis, 134Circulationbiophysics of, 108, 111-112cerebral, 134coronary, 134, 136f, 137description of, 97, 99fexercise responses, 139ffetal, 137, 140f, 140-141flow rates, 107intrapulmonary, 153fneonatal, 140fperipheral. See Peripheral circulationpulmonary, 147f, 160fschematic diagram of, 135fCircumvallate papillae, 72Cirrhosis, 288Clara cells, 149Closing capacity, 178fClosing volume, 178fCobra venom, 36Cochlea, 68fCochlear duct, 66Cochlear receptors, 68fColipase, 282Collecting ductsanatomy of, 200tpotassium handling by, 211-212, 214fsodium handling by, 211titratable acid formation in, 233Colloid, 321Colon.

See also Large intestineautonomic innervation of, 264f-265fmotility in, 263fsecretions of, 282water absorption in, 298Colonocolonic reflex, 258tColor perception, 62Compliance, 122Conductance, 27379Conduction system of heart, 97-98, 100fConduction velocity, 30Contraceptives, 360Contractility, 117Contractionisovolumetric, 113skeletal muscle, 37, 41-42, 43f-44f, 48smooth muscle, 43-44, 46Coronary angioplasty, 138Coronary circulation, 134, 136f, 137Corpus callosum, 50fCorpus luteum, 358Cortical nephrons, 197Corticospinal tract, 79, 82fCorticosterone, 330Corticotrophs, 316Corticotropin-releasing hormone, 329-330Cortisolactions of, 330-333, 333fsecretion of, 330Cotransport, 14C-peptide fragments, 339Creatinine, 197, 206Crista, 70fCrossbridge, 40Crypts of Lieberkühn, 278, 279f, 292fCuneus, 50fCupula, 70Curare, 36, 89Cushing reflex, 134Cushing’s syndrome, 335Cutaneous receptors, 60fCystic fibrosis, 20Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene,20, 268Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptor, 18tDDalton’s law, 156DDAVP, 229Dead spacedescription of, 161tidal volume and, ratio between, 178fDead space ventilation, 156Defecation, 263, 266fDefecation reflex, 258t, 263Dehydroepiandrosterone, 329, 334, 3565′-Deiodinase, 324Dendrite, 34fDepolarization, 101, 104f-106fDermatomes, 61Diabetes insipidus, 229Diabetes mellitus, 346Diabetogenic hormones, 317Diacylglycerol, 17Diaphragm, 163Diarrhea, 261, 267, 268Diastasis, 115Diastolic arterial pressure, 107Diastolic depolarization, 101Diencephalon, 53Diffusiondefinition of, 6facilitated, 13-14of gases, 157-159380IndexDiffusion (Continued)simple, 13, 125through semipermeable membrane, 14fDiffusion capacity of the lung for CO, 158-160,177fDiffusion-limited gas transport, 158-159Digestioncarbohydrate, 291lipid, 295, 296fphysiology of, 243, 245, 275fprotein, 293-295, 294fDihydropyridine receptors, 38Dihydropyridines, 48Dihydrotestosterone, 355, 3661,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, 347, 3501,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, 197Diiodotyrosine, 321Dilution of urine, 221, 223fDipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, 168Disaccharides, 2912,3-Disphosphoglycerate, 180, 191Dissolved carbon dioxide, 181Dissolved oxygen, 179Distal convoluted tubuleanatomy of, 200tcalcium handling by, 215sodium handling by, 210-211Divalent metal transport proteins, 298Diving reflex, 134Dopamine, 33t, 319Doppler echocardiography, 120Dorsal respiratory group, 186Down-regulation, 312Dromotropic effects, 101Ductus arteriosus, 141Ductus venosus, 141Duodenum, 243Dynamic exercise, 137EEchocardiography, 120Edema, 125Effective oncotic pressure of the capillary, 7Effective refractory period, 101Effective renal blood flow, 208Effective renal<b>Текст обрезан, так как является слишком большим</b>.