by-samsonova-l_s_-skubrieva-a_i_-obuchenie-chte-2897500-_z-lib_org (Методичка для подготовки к экзамену для СМ6), страница 6

Virtually all NATO and Russian missiles now use thissystem.Laser GuidanceThe third generation of ATGMs separates the missiles from theguidance system. The missile is launched, then another man (possible faraway) fires a laser at the target. The missile flies at whatever the laser hits(“illuminates”) using special light frequency sensors mounted in its nose.Fiberoptic Guidance (FOG)This future generation of ATGMs actually mounts a TV camera in thenose of the missile. The gunner has a video monitor that shows him theview from the missile nose. Using joystick or similar controls, the gunnerflies the missile as if he were riding it.

This is possible because small, lightfiber9optic “cables” can carry vastly more data than conventional wires. Inthis case, full9frame video data. The US Army is experimenting with “FOG”missiles.Defeating ATGMsThe main weakness of all ATGMs is their speed. Cannon shells takeone to three seconds to travel 2000 to 4000 meters. No vehicle can react fastenough to prevent a shell from hitting if it’s aimed correctly. Missiles,however, take 20 to 60 seconds to travel the same distance.

A vehicle crewcan see a missile’s launch, see its approach, and take appropriatecountermeasures.Appropriate countermeasures are disabling the missile’s gunner andhiding. To hide, the vehicle needs only pull behind a building or crestline(возвышенность, холм), concealing itself from the gunner and missile,27which then flies harmlessly overhead. Smoke screens can also be used tohide the vehicle.In many cases the gunner is at the missile launch site. If the targetvehicle can use cannon or machine9guns to fire back, the shells and bulletswill arrive while the missile is still airborne.

If the gunner or sights aredamaged or destroyed, the missile will “go stupid” and usually miss. Evenif the shells don’t hit, the gunner may flinch or duck (отступить илиприсесть), throwing the missile off course temporarily.5C. Memorize the following key terms:guidance – управление, наведениеwire guided missile – ракета, управляемая по проводамpound – фунт (453 г)sight – прицел, визирgunner – артиллеристemitter – излучательsensor – датчикfrequency – частотаfull9frame – полноформатныйtripod – треногаlaunch site – стартовый комплекс6.

Answer the questions.1. What do we understand by the term “guided missile”? 2. How doesa wire guided missile function? 3. What are the characteristics of a wire9guided missile? 4. By what parameters do ATGMs differ from each other?5. How do light and heavy ATGMs differ? 6. What types of guidance canyou name? 7. What are the main devices used in manual, optical and laserguidance systems? 8.

How does fiber9optic guidance operate? 9. Whatmeasures can be used to disable a gunner? 10. Do you know about any newmeans to disable a gunner?7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to differentmeanings of the word “area”.1. These missiles can fly out from a single platform to spread out andcover a large area. 2. Built9in algorithms allow the missile to attack onlyvalid targets within a specified area. 3. The mission of the launcher is todefeat troops and combat material in concentrated areas.

4. One salvo ofthe launch vehicle creates a mine dispersion area of more than 15 ha.5. Weapon development is known to have accelerated along with other28areas of technology in more modern times. 6. The sharp and pointed endof a weapon was found to apply more force per unit area and do more harmthan the blunt end.8. Pay attention to the meanings of “proof” in the following wordcombinations:1) proof against bullets = bulletproof – пуленепробиваемый, пуле9стойкийsplinterproof – противоосколочныйshatterproof – неразбиваемыйfireproof – огнестойкий, огнеупорныйwaterproof – водонепроницаемый2) prooffiring – опытный, пробный обстрелproofground – испытательный полигонproofround – контрольный выстрелproofload – контрольная нагрузкаprooftest – проверочные испытания9A.

Translate the following words paying attention to the suffixes:Emit, emitter, emission; probable, probably, probability; navigate,navigator, navigation, navigable; angle, angular; safe, safely, safety, safeness;capable, capably, capability; designate, designation, designator; guide,guidance; visual, visualize, visualization; wide, width, widen; interact,interaction, interactive; launch, launcher; high, highly, highness; direct,direction, directive, director; distant, distance; digit, digital.9B.

Use the words on the right to form a word that fits in the space. Usea proper suffix.Brimstone Anti9Armor Missile, UnitedKingdomBrimstone Anti9Armor Missile, which enteredservice with full operational (1) … in December 2005, capableis a fully fire9and9forget system, requiring no further interact(2) ... from the launch platform nor a post9launch designate, launchtarget (3) … . After leaving the (4) … the solidpropellant rocket motor accelerates the missile to emit, visualizesupersonic speed. The motor has a short burn time probableand very low smoke (5) … . This gives a very low (6)… and infrared signature minimizing the (7) … of29detection by hostile sensors. Brimstone is equippedwith a small millimeter wave radar seeker operatingat 94 GHz in all weather conditions and by day andnight. The high frequency gives a small beam (8) …and therefore very high (9) … resolution.

A (10) …autopilot provides mid9course (11) … and the highprecision (12) … to locate targets at long rangeoperations. The (13) … advanced guidance systemon the missile uses the target coordinates, course andspeed, (14) … to target, missile trajectory data anddata from other sensors to (15) … the missile controlsand accomplish the optimum flight path to the target.In the case of identifying a group of hostile armoredvehicles on the battlefield Brimstone missiles can befired in salvo. For damage control the missile can beprogrammed not to initiate target search until it haspassed a given point. This allows Brimstone to (16)… over fly friendly forced and attack only valid targetswithin a specified area, ignoring other fixed or movingobjects, such as houses or cars.wideangle, digit, guidenavigatehighdistantdirectionsafety9C.

Translate the above text without a dictionary.9D. Describe the main units the Brimstone missile is equipped with.10A. Read and translate Text 3B. Explain the term “fire*and*forgetsystem” and describe the operations the soldiers and gunners of the LAWcan perform. The words to help you:to discard – сбросить, отложить в сторонуto retain – сохранять, удерживатьto attach – прикреплять, присоединятьsequence – последовательностьto track – следить за цельюto confine – ограничиватьmode – метод, способ, режим (работы)to predict – предварительно рассчитывать данные стрельбыto consider – рассматривать, учитыватьto coincide – совпадатьirrespective – безотносительный, независимый отto engage – поражать огнем30impact – ударdelay – задержкаrelevant – относящийся к делуpartially – частичноText 3BLight Anti*tank Weapon (LAW), United KingdomThe UK Army next9generation Light Anti9tank Weapon (LAW) isa portable, short9range, “fire9and9forget” system which will enter servicein 2007.WeaponThe soldiers can bring the missile from the carry position to the firingposition and make it ready to fire under five seconds.

The soldier discardsthe launcher after firing and can retain the night sight if needed.The 115/150 mm caliber launcher is of composite materialconstruction. The launcher is fitted with the gunner’s optical sight,a foldaway launch device, handles and firing mechanism, battery package,carrying straps and a firing support.

A mounting rail attached to the launcheris for attaching any night sight.OperationThe gunner can break off and start up a combat sequence any numberof times. The missile can be deployed at targets at ranges down to 20 m andto over 600 m. The missile can also be launched immediately withouttracking when an unexpected target appears.The LAW has a soft launch and can be fired from confined spaces suchas from inside buildings and vehicle hatches, and from all positions andangles up to ± 45 °.

The flight time to a 400 m range is less than two seconds.The initial muzzle velocity is 40 m/s. The maximum missile velocity isbelow the speed of sound.Guidance systemIn the Predicted Line of Sight (PLOS) mode, the gunner tracks thetarget for three seconds and the missile’s guidance electronics makes a record31of the gunner’s movement as he aims and computes the flight path to thepredicted position of the target.It is unnecessary for the gunner to consider the range or angular speedof the target.

After launch the missile flies autonomously to the target. Themissile’s position in its trajectory always coincides with the targetirrespective of range.Modes of operationThe soldier selects top attack mode to engage tanks and armored vehiclesin order to strike the least armored area on the vehicle’s roof. In the OverflyTop Attack (OTA) mode, the missile flies at about 1m above the line ofsight. The missile’s sensor initiates the warhead above the roof of the target.The soldier can select the Direct Attack (DA) mode to engage lightvehicles, buildings and bunkers. In the Direct Attack (DA) mode the missileflies directly along the line of sight towards the target.

The missile fusesystem is disconnected and the warhead detonates upon impact, after ashort delay.Warhead characteristicsThe missile has an active magnetic and optical sensor activatedproximity fuse. The sensor data is analyzed to match the known relevanttarget criteria before warhead initiation.