by-samsonova-l_s_-skubrieva-a_i_-obuchenie-chte-2897500-_z-lib_org (Методичка для подготовки к экзамену для СМ6), страница 5

Since then, air power has progressively eaten into theroles traditionally held by field artillery. The advent of precision9guidedbombs, and more recently 500 lb or smaller precision bombs will ultimatelysee the demise of classical heavy artillery pieces.Medium and light artillery will survive longer term, since they occupya niche below the weight of fire and projectile size of air delivered bombs, butabove the range and weight of fire of man9portable or lower caliber projectileand guided weapons. A standard Mk82 500 lb bomb, with 87 kg of Tritonalor H96 filler, is effectively five times the weight of a typical 155 mm artilleryshell, and it is fifteen times the weight of a typical 105 mm shell.Artillery continues to provide the capability for sustained harassmentfire or area fire support for infantry.

this capability is useful as it is organicto the land force, and it doesn’t require calling in aircraft to orbit overheadto pick off small targets or provide suppressive fire.There is little doubt that the classical heavy artillery bombardmentrole has fallen to air power, and that is unlikely to change, but the advent ofprecision guided artillery rounds, using semi9active laser homing, orsatellite/inertial guidance, provides for a surgical capability in rounds wellbelow the weight of air delivered bombs.12B.

Memorize the following key terms:homing – самонаведениеsatellite/inertial guidance – спутниковое/инерциальное наведениеtarget – цель, мишень22precision guided artillery round – высокоточный управляемый ар9тиллерийский снаряд, ракетаsuppressive fire – огонь на поражениеharassment fire – огонь на изнурениеweight of fire – вес пуль, выпускаемых в единицу времениfiller – снаряжение (наполнение) снарядаlb – libra (лат.) = pound – фунт13.

Conduct a round table discussion on: “The role of classical artilleryin modern warfare” .14. Comment on the following statement:The gun remains a completely able to exist, capable of developing andsurviving weapon and is worth of every effort to improve its performance,the most essential factors being range, accuracy, rate and volume of fire.One point of view. The introduction of large numbers of armoredvehicles on the modern battlefields can lead to the conclusion that theimportance of artillery should be degraded; indeed, in at least some westernarmies, there has been a considerable reduction in the number of artillerypieces.Do you think the classical gun is obsolete? Why?A contrary point of view.

It is true that conventional artillery shellsproduce few casualties among a formation of battle tanks; the warhead ofa rocket can be considerably more effective and this is a good reason formultiple rocket launchers (многоствольные пусковые установки). Itis no less true, however, that conventional gun artillery can delay or evenparalyze tank formations by firing smoke rounds, and can deliver a largevolume of shells with a massive destruction capability and unquestionableeffect against lightly armored vehicles and personnel, sheltered bybuildings.And what do you think? Can artillery be still effective in modernwarfare? In what applications? Why?To prepare your report for presentation, use Text 2A, 2B & 2C, andfind your own information to give some reasons for or against two points ofview.Useful phrases:I am going to speak about … .

Currently the part (role) played byclassical artillery … . Simply put, the idea … . Not surprisingly, such anapproach … . I quite agree with the idea that … . Previously, we couldn’t/didn’t have … . whereas now … . But the most recent developments in …23have provided new possibilities, technologies, etc. So for that reason (thosereasons), personally, I think … . Or as a result of this, one day, it will becomepossible to … .

In conclusion, I’d like to stress the importance of all previousexperience in … .UNIT IIIAnti*Tank Guided Missiles1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to relative clauses(бессоюзные определительные предложения).1. The higher the muzzle velocity the projectile is intended to attain,the lower the energy it will receive from a given propelling (метательный,пороховой) charge.

2. Regarding KE attack on armor, projectiles and armorplates must hence be analyzed together, whereas shaped charges can bestudied in themselves irrespective of the armor they are intended to pierce.3. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky came to the conclusion that if a rocket wasgoing to do the things he dreamed of, it would have to be powered by liquidfuels. 4. In the tandem warhead the author is referring to the aft warheaddetonates first.

5. Our hypothesis is that the best projectile is the longestyou can make with the technology available. 6. The projectiles are alwaysfound deviated almost exactly by 90 ° in respect to the trajectory they hadwhen impacting the ground. 7. There is a strong similarity between rocketsand balloons.

The only significant difference is the way the pressurized gasis produced. 8. Because there is not sufficient money to build9in the digitalsystems in all the various vehicles the Army is going to equip with, the planis to take dual approach. New systems will be given the necessary digitaldata busses on the factory floor. But existing systems will be fitted withequipment to allow their operators to receive a minimum level of datanecessary for their job. 9. Imagine the whole process of riding a skateboard.On the ground the only part air plays in the motions of the rider and theskateboard is to slow them down. 10.

An American, Robert Godderd,launched a liquid9powered rocket he had designed and built at his farm in1926; the rocket flew only 46 meters – but it was the first flight of a liquid9fueled rocket in history.2. Translate the following word combinations.Guidance equipment; sight mechanism; course correction; missilenose; laser guidance; battery package; night light; missile flight; strengthrequirements; caliber length; gas pressure; guidance equipment weight;24missile launch site; full9frame video data; composite material construction;vehicle9tripod launched missiles; first generation manual weapon; speciallight frequency sensor.3. Translate the following words paying attention to the negativeprefixes non*, dis*, un*, in* and suffix*less:Nonstop, nonmetal, nonsmoker, nonsense, non9recoil, nonmilitary,non9transportable, nonessential, nonfunctional, non9penetrating, non9penetration;to dislike, to disorganize, to disappear, to discover, to disable, todischarge, to disarm, disadvantage, to disconnect.Unhappy, unused, uncomfortable, unreliable, undamaged, unbroken,unnecessary, unsymmetrical, unlike, until (пока не), unarmed,undoubtedly, unless (если не), uncomplicated, unarmed, unexpected.Incapable, incorrect, inaccuracy, incomplete, inseparable, informal,ineffective, insignificant, inflexible, invariably (неизменно).Useless, noiseless, endless, harmless, harmlessly, needless to say (нетнеобходимости сказать, говорить), linkless, hopeless, careless.Note: no – нет, никакой.4.

Memorize the following words:to invent – изобретатьwire – проводat least – по меньшей мереto score – достигнуть успеха, получить преимуществоdamage – повреждение, ущербoverall – полный, общий, предельныйmanual – ручной, с ручным управлениемto trail – 1) тянуться сзади 2) прокладывать путьto sense – обнаруживать, определять, измерятьto separate – (зд.) освобождать, делать независимымto defeat – наносить поражениеappropriate – подходящий, соответствующийto disable – лишить возможности действоватьto hide – прятать, скрыватьhiding – укрытиеto conceal – прятать, маскироватьsite – местонахождение, участокtemporarily – временноcomplicated – сложный255A.

Look through Text 3A and find the answer for the question “Whatis the main disadvantage of ATGM? Why?”.5B. Read and translate the text.Text 3AATGMs: Anti*tank Guided MissilesInvented by the French in the 1950s, wire guided anti9tank missileswere a revolutionary anti9tank weapon. The missiles are “flown” by thegunner to ranges of 3000 or 4000 meters with very high accuracy. Theheavier vehicle9 or tripodlaunched missiles have HEAT warheads thatpenetrate two or three times the maximum armor of main battle tanks.

Atleast, they did until composite and reactive armors made HEAT lesseffective. Most missiles cannot penetrate the new armors unless they hit aweak point, or score multiple hits on the same spot. Of course, even a non9penetrating hit can inflict significant damage.The main difference among ATGMs is their size and their guidance.ATGM SizesLight ATGMs are designed to be carried by infantrymen. These includethe 32 pound American “Dragon III”, the French 14.6 pound “Milan”and the 35+ pound Russian AT93 “Suitcase Sagger”.

These missiles havesmaller warheads and/or limited range (1500 to 2500 meters), which keepsthe overall weight within portable limits.Heavy ATGMs are designed to be fired from vehicles or large tripods.The missile alone usually weighs 25 to 50 pounds, while the launcher andguidance equipment weighs about twice as much. The American TOW andHellfire, European HOT, and Russian AT95 “Spandrel” and AT96 “Spiral”are all examples of this weapon.Manual GuidanceThe first ATGMs were controlled manually.

After launching the missiletrailed a fine wire back to the gunner. The gunner used a small box with ajoystick control to literary “fly” the missile to the target. Needless to say,this took considerable skill.26Optical GuidanceThe second generation of AGTMs replaced the joy9stick controllerwith a complicated sight mechanism. Using this system, the missile fliesin whatever direction the sight is aimed. This is achieved by the sight sensingthe missile’s location (using IR emitters in the missile’s tail and IR sensorsin the sight), and then sending course corrections back along the wire bythe missile.These missiles are much easier to operate than the first9generationmanual weapons.