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Answer the questions.1. What do we understand by the term “traditional artillery”? 2. Whatis the difference between a gun and a howitzer? 3. Are these guns frontlineguns? Where are they usually located? 4. Is it possible for a gun to change its17location? How is it done? 5. When was Rocket Artillery first used? 6. Howdoes it function? 7. What ammunition is used in traditional artillery? 8. Whatis the structure of a high explosive shell? 9. How does a laser9guided shelloperate? 10. Are laser9guided shells perfect? What are their disadvantages?11. What is a submunition round? 12.

What new ammunition is used atpresent by Western artillery?9. Translate the following word combinations.Smoke screen; shell fragments; submunition round; submunitionwarhead; battlefield casualities.Latest generation rocket; laser9guided shell; laser warning system; hand9held laser; armor penetrating missile; initial ammunition supply; fire supportrequirements; rapid deployment forces; weapon system configuration;unrefuelled travel range.New generation cargo rounds; fragmentation bomblet dispensing round;automatic hydraulic laying system; self9propelled artillery vehicle; six9man gun crew; six9cylinder diesel engine; relatively unprotected area targets.Centralized ground pressure distribution system; fully computerizedfire management system.10A. Translate the following words paying attention to the suffixes.Integrate, integration, integrity; perform, performer, performance;guide, guidance; transport, transporter, transportation, transportable;custom, customer, customary; separate, separation, separable, separably;chemistry, chemist, chemical; autonomy, autonomous; protect, protective,protection, protector; manual, manually; load, loader; nucleus, nuclear;electric, electrical, electrician, electricity, electrify; construct, construction,constructive.10B.

Use the words on the right to form a word that fits in the space.Use a proper suffix:Artillery Gun Module, United KingdomArtillery Gun Module is an air9 (1) .., medium9 transportweight, turreted self9propelled howitzer. The system autonomyis fully (2) … and provides the same (3) … as PzH perform2000 howitzer, but with reduced cost, crew levels andweight. The gun module can be fitted on a tracked or integrationwheeled chassis. The intention is to (4) … the gun custommodule into available in9service chassis for the (5) … separationcountry. The system is operated by a crew of two. It construct18has a (6) … auxiliary power unit. The turret is of load, electricitylightweight aluminum armor (7) … The 12.5 t turret manual, protectivecarries 30 projectiles and charges.

The autoloader is nucleus, chemistrybased on a modified shell (8) … and powered by a 24V(9) … supply. The system can be fired (10) … Thecabin provides (11) … against small arms rounds,anti9personnel mines, bomblets and (12) ..,biological and (13) … warfare attack.10C. Translate the above text without a dictionary.11A. Read, translate Text 2B and summarize the main feature of theartillery system described. The words to help you:self9propelled – самоходныйtruck – грузовикsupply – запас, снабжениеto meet requirements – удовлетворять требованиямdeployment – размещение, развертываниеto maintain – поддерживатьto dispense – выбрасывать, освобождатьto obscure – загораживать, затемнятьterminal – конечныйratio – отношение, соотношениеto fit – подгонять, монтировать, соединятьto lay – наводить (орудие)obstacle – препятствиеText 2BCaesar 155 mm Self Propelled Artillery System, FranceThe Caesar truck mounted artillery system is a 155 mm 52 caliber self9propelled gun developed in France.Caesar is equipped with all the systems needed for independentoperation, a cabin to protect the six man gun crew against shell fragmentsand small fire, an initial ammunition supply of 16 complete rounds andinstrumentation for navigation, aiming, ballistic calculations and commandaids.

The system was specifically designed to meet the fire supportrequirements of rapid deployment forces.19ArmamentCaesar can maintain a firing rate of 6 to 8 rounds per minute in sustainedfire, or three rounds in 15 seconds in rapid fire.The FAST9Hit computerized fire management system, a muzzlevelocity radar system and a SAGEM Sigma 30 navigation system and GlobalPositioning System (GPS) are fitted so there is no requirement fortopographical teams and goniometers. The weapon has an automatichydraulic laying system and the loading system is semi9automatic.The gun can be set into and out of action in less than one minute. Theweapon system configuration and the provision of hydraulic drives givea time of approximately 30 seconds to take the Caesar out of battery.A unit of eight Caesar self9propelled artillery vehicles can dispense, inless than one minute, more than 1t of projectiles, 1,500 bomblets or 48 smartanti9tank munitions on targets at ranges up to 40 km.MunitionsCaesar is capable of using a wide range of ammunition for deploymentagainst protected and unprotected targets, to create counter9mobilityobstacles to block the maneuvers of enemy armored forces and to obscureor illuminate an area.Caesar can fire conventional High Explosive (HE) or new generationcargo rounds, which provide increased accuracy and terminal effectiveness.The Ogre shell is an anti9tank and fragmentation bomblet dispensinground for use against relatively unprotected area targets such as commandposts, artillery batteries, light armored vehicles or logistic sites.Ogre dispenses 63 bomblets, each fitted with a self9destruct mechanism.The bomblets are capable of penetrating more than 90 mm of armour.A salvo of six Ogre shells releases 378 bomblets to saturate an area of3 hectares at a range of 35 km.PropulsionCaesar has an unrefuelled travel range of 600 km and maximum speedof 100 km/h.

A centralized ground pressure distribution system gives speedsof 50 km/h on hardened tracks. It has a six9cylinder diesel engine,developing 240 hp and power9to9weight ratio of 13.6 hp/t.2011B. Memorize the following key terms:laying system – система наводкиcommand aids – средства управленияsustained fire – непрерывный огоньa unit – воинское подразделениеdrive – привод, передачаsmall arms fire – огонь из стрелкового оружияrapid fire – скорострельная стрельбаpower9to9weight ratio – мощность на единицу весаcargo round – грузовой боеприпас, выстрел с кассетным снарядомsalvo fire – стрельба залпамиlogistic sites – базы (склады) материально9технического снаб9женияarea target – цель, занимающая значительную площадьmunition – военное снаряжениеpropulsion – двигатель, силовая установкаprojectile – снаряд; мина; пуля; ракетаh.p. = horse power – лошадиная сила12A. Read and translate Text 2C.

Try to guess the meaning of theunderlined words. The words to help you:arguably – бесспорноutility – полезность, выгодаto hurl – метатьto trace – восходить, проследитьto tow – буксировать, тянутьto support – поддерживатьadvent – появлениеdefensive – оборонительныйto deliver – доставлятьdemise – конецcapability – способность, возможностьto harass – беспокоить, тревожить, изводитьto suppress – подавлять, устранять, поражатьto call in – призывать, вызыватьwell below – значительно меньшеultimately – в конечном счете, в конце концов21Text 2CUtility of ArtilleryArtillery is arguably one of the oldest arms, tracing its origins to towedand transportable projectile launchers used by Roman legions two millenniaago. The advent of gunpowder enabled faster and larger projectiles to behurled over larger distances, but the basic paradigm of a horse9towedprojectile launcher remained for centuries.

Trucks or trucked artillery towingvehicles replaced horses, but this model did not change until Kruppconstructed the first Self Propelled Howitzer (SPH) using a 105 mm leFH18/1 L/28 howitzer in a turret on a Panzer IV chassis. By the end of WorldWar II every major power operated some type of SPH. Artillery remains inuse for a wide range of tasks on the battlefield, especially supportingadvancing infantry or defensive positions. A key role for artillery has beencounter9battery fire, or bombardment of opposing artillery batteries. Theuse of artillery for battlefield fire support peaked during World War II onthe Eastern Front.