by-samsonova-l_s_-skubrieva-a_i_-obuchenie-chte-2897500-_z-lib_org (Методичка для подготовки к экзамену для СМ6)

Московский государственный технический университетимени Н.Э. БауманаЛ.С. Самсонова, А.И. СкубриеваОБУЧЕНИЕ ЧТЕНИЮЛИТЕРАТУРЫ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ«РАКЕТНАЯ И ИМПУЛЬСНАЯ ТЕХНИКА»Учебнометодическое пособиеМоскваИздательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана2011УДК 802.0ББК 81.2 Англ.9923С17Рецензент З.А. ЗаболотскаяС49Самсонова Л.С.Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по спе9циальности «Ракетная и импульсная техника» : учеб.9метод.пособие / Л.С. Самсонова, А.И.

Скубриева. — М. : Изд9воМГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2011. — 40 с. : ил.Учебно9методическое пособие состоит из трех модульных блоков,в каждый из которых включены три технических текста и лексико9грам9матические упражнения на развитие и закрепление навыков понима9ния, осмысления и перевода оригинальных публикаций по изучаемойтематике, а также умения устного профессионального общения.Для студентов старших курсов МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, обучаю9щихся по специальности «Ракетная и импульсная техника».УДК 802.0ББК 81.2 Англ.9923Учебное изданиеСамсонова Лидия СергеевнаСкубриева Алла ИвановнаОБУЧЕНИЕ ЧТЕНИЮ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫНА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ«РАКЕТНАЯ И ИМПУЛЬСНАЯ ТЕХНИКА»Корректор М.А.

ВасилевскаяКомпьютерная верстка И.Д. ЗвягинцевойПодписано в печать 20.12.2010. Формат 60х84/16.Усл. печ. л. 2,33. Тираж 100 экз. Изд. № 33. ЗаказИздательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана.Типография МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана.105005, Москва, 29я Бауманская ул., 5.© МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 20112ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕУчебно9методическое пособие, состоящее из трех модульныхблоков и двух дополнительных текстов, содержит оригинальные тек9сты (характеризующиеся постепенным нарастанием сложностисодержания), взятые из английских и американских научно9техни9ческих периодических изданий. Помимо текстов в пособие входятразнообразные лексико9грамматические упражнения на отработкуконструкций, характерных для языка научно9технической литера9туры, а также упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков го9ворения и вербального взаимодействия с зарубежными коллегами;словари, содержащие активную лексику и специальную терминоло9гию. Заключительные коммуникативные задания, имеющиесяв каждом модуле, помогут студентам готовить презентации, высту9пать с сообщениями, участвовать в обсуждениях, отстаивать своипозиции в научных дискуссиях.Материал, представленный в пособии, может использоваться сту9дентами как во время аудиторных занятий под руководством препо9давателя, так и для самостоятельной работы.Пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов МГТУим.

Н.Э. Баумана, обучающихся по специальности «Ракетная и им9пульсная техника».3UNIT IGuns and Armor1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Participles.1. The rocket in its simplest form is a chamber enclosing a gas underpressure. 2. Our lab spent two weeks working on the project.

3. The big120 mm and 125 mm guns introduced by Russia and Britain in the 1970sbecame common in the 1980s. 4. The total number of AK947s (AvtomatKalashnikova947) made worldwide during the last 50 years is estimated atover 90 million. 5. Knowing three important scientific principles nowcalled Newton’s Laws of Motion, engineers have been able to constructmodern giant rockets.

6. Objects in motion will stay in motion in a straightline unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 7. Newton’s second law ofmotion is especially useful when designing efficient rockets. 8. Force is thepressure created by the controlled explosion taking place inside the rocket’sengines. 9. Newton’s second law of motion can be restated in the followingway: the greater the mass of the rocket fuel burned, and the faster the gasproduced can escape the engine, the greater the thrust of the rocket.2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to differentmeanings of “as” and its combinations.1. Kalashnikov is well known worldwide as a designer of his legendaryAK. 2. Moving through the air causes friction, or as scientists call it, drag.As a result rockets work better in space than they do it in air. As the exhaustgas leaves the rocket engine, it must push away the surrounding air, thisuses up some of energy of the rocket.

3. Acceleration of the rocket has toincrease as its mass decreases. That is why a rocket starts off moving slowlyand goes faster and faster as it climbs into space. 4. Our laboratory needsa metal as heavy as lead. 5. It is not as difficult as the students think it is.6. No one else drives as fast as John. 7. My friend talks as if he knew allabout nanotechnology. 8. Their team will travel by night as well as by day.9. The lecturer explained the theory, and practice as well. 10. To attainspace flight speeds, the engine must burn a large mass of fuel and push theresulting gas out of the engine as rapidly as possible.

11. The spacecraft willtravel in a straight line when it is very far from any large gravity source suchas Earth or the other planets and their moons.3. Translate the following sentences with the word “time”.1. Force is equal to mass times acceleration. 2. However, new timescall for more sophisticated armaments. 3. Carbon nanotubes are 20 times4stronger than steel and at the same time they are 10 times lighter. 4. Atpresent the best composites have 3 to 4 times the strength of steel. 5. Handyour test papers to the examiner two at a time.4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of “theformer, the latter”.1. As contrasted with the former, the latter means the second of twothings or persons already mentioned. 2. Of these two devices the former ismore efficient than the latter.

3. Of these alternatives the specialists preferthe former, i.e. the first mentioned of two. 4. Artillery fire is more effectiveif a large number of units is concentrated on single targets so that the lattercould be struck immediately and by as many shells as possible in as shorta time as possible.5. Memorize the following words and word combinations:to rate – определять, устанавливать, оцениватьto match – подходить, соответствоватьcommonly – обычноcommon – общепринятый, распространенныйrather than – скорее, предпочтительнее, охотнее, лучше, а неalong with – вместе, наряду сto grip – схватывать, сжатьpattern – структура, формаobsolete – вышедший из строя, устаревшийinstead – вместо, взаменbuilt9in – встроенныйto arm – вооружаться, взводитьtime – разone at a time – по одномуmany times – многократноbin – бункерspare – запаснойto shoot – стрелятьto pull – вытягивать, тянутьto misfire – промахнуться, не попасть в цель6A.

Look through Text 1A and find the answer for the question: “Whatcountries design guns that are most commonly used worldwide?”56B. Read and translate the text.Text 1AModern WeaponrySize RatingsModern guns are rated by their bore diameter (the diameter of theinside of the barrel, which matches the diameter of the shell or bullet).Rifles are commonly 5.56 mm or 7.62 mm, machine9guns are 7.62 mm to14.5 mm, automatic cannons are 20 mm to 30 mm, light cannons are75 mm to 100 mm, heavy cannons are 105 mm to 125 mm, and artillery is152 mm to 203 mm.Some guns are still rated in “calibers”.

This is the bore diameter asmeasured in inches, rather than millimeters. A “caliber.50” weapon is0.5" wide, or 12.7 mm.Heavy CannonsHeavy cannons are the classic weapons of tanks and artillery. In WWIIsome tanks carried low velocity artillery9type cannons, while others hadhigher velocity armor piercing cannons. The latter were invariably moreeffective. All modern tanks now use large caliber, high velocity guns.

Sizes:Light tanks and heavy armored cars commonly use 75 mm or 90 mm guns,along with old medium tanks from the 1950s. Medium tanks of the 1960sand 70s used 100 mm, 105 mm and 115 mm guns. The big 120 mm and125 mm guns were introduced by Britain and Russia in the 1970s, thenbecame common in the 1980s.Rifled GunsThese weapons are designed like traditional rifles: they have barrelgrooves that “grip” the base of a shell. The grooves have a spiral pattern,causing the shell to rotate as it moves down the barrel.

This rotation givesthe shell stability in flight, which improves accuracy. The main rifled gunsused today are British and Russian designs. The British 105 mm gun wasstandardized for NATO in the 1960s and is still commonly found. Theother common rifled weapon is the Russian 100 mm used in the nowobsolete T955 series.6Smoothbore GunsThese weapons have no grooves in the barrel.

Instead, the ammunitionhas built9in fins that provide stability in flight. The USSR was the first topopularize this type of weapon, making smoothbores their standard tankgun in the 1960s.There are three main smoothbore weapons used today. The GermanRheinmetall 120 mm smoothbore is used by the Leopard 2 and the Ml Al,with a variant planned for the new French Leclerc. An older Russian115 mm smoothbore is used in T962s. The newer Russian 125 mmsmoothbore arms the T964, T972, T974 and T980.