42064 (Проблематика й актуальність антонімії в английскій мові), страница 5

Male – of the sex that cannot give birth to children.

У значенні слова male утримується негативна частка NOT, що є елементом утворення антонімів, тому дані слова є антонімічної парою.

Ill – well

“I hope Phuong’s well,” he said. “I have never known her ill.”

Ill – in an unkind or critical way.

Well – in a kind way.

У даному випадку ill є антонімом слову well. Значення слова ill утримується слово unkind, що відбулося від kind+un, де un є негативним префіксом, що утворить антоніми.

Poor – rich

It is only that he has better means of having it than many others, because he is rich, and many others are poor.

Poor – having very little money with which to buy one’s basic needs.

Rich – having a lot of money or property; wealthy.

Дефініції цих слів містять протилежні семи little і a lot, тому дані слова є антонімами.

На підставі вищенаведених прикладів можна зробити висновок, що слова є протилежними, тобто антонімами, якщо їхнього значення містять протилежні семи, негативну частку NOT або негативні префікси un-; in-(il-; im-; ir-;) dis-; суфікс –less. Далі приведені приклади утримують антонімічні пари.

Defence - offence

Best defence is offence.

Today – yesterday

The superstition of today is the science of yesterday.

Good - bad

What’s good about not being bad?

Alike – different

It was unbelievable two people could look so much alike and be so completely and utterly different.

Difficult – easy

They were not difficult and for a girl of Roberta’s natural grace and zest, easy.

Alike – different

How is it that two people, just a brother and sister, can be so alike and so different?

Despair – hope

Sometimes i hope, my dear, and sometimes i don’t quite despair, but nearly.

Dimish – increase

The softness of Dinny’s feelings dimished the watchfulness increased.

Drunk – sober

“You are very drunk,” Gwen said. “Sober as a judge,” he said.

Early – late

At first it was too early for the boy to be received into the proper refuge and at last it was too late.

Evil – good

And so the factory came to be regarded as a good thing, not an evil.

Failure – success

Naturally i went to evert a conflict in with success would damage me and failure disable me.

Fast – loose

Surely Fleur would see in the long run that he couldn’t play fast and loose.

Fear – hope

A strange conflict of hopes and fears raged within Dinny.

Above – below

One is too far below me ( i mean in her own opinion ), and the other is too high above me.

Absence – presence

To him the presence or absence of his wife’s sister was a matter of indifference.

Absolute – relative

His vitality was absolute, not relative.

Accept – decline

I cannot accept this offer, Lord Caversham, i have made up my mind to decline it.

Act – word

A brawl or boil is a rude quarrel by word or act or both.

Active – passive

This was no passive belief, but an active weapon which they flashed more convenient places of business.

Dead – alive

“Speak” he cried, “and tell us whether you are alive or dead…”

Answer – ask

It is always worth while asking a question, though it is not always worth answering one.

Attack – defence

Dyke had stood between cab and fender through out all the duel, exposed, reckless, thinking only of attack and not of defence.

Back – forward

He distinguished the choice open to him of forward or back, and he selected forward.

Beast – man

But man or beast, it will be wise to stay here a minute and let get by and out of the way.

Begin – end

Romance should never begin with sentiment. It should begin with science and end with a settlement.

Clever – foolish

You don’t mean to say that this charming, clever young lady has been so foolish as to accept you?

Begin – finish

Office affairs are easy to begin and difficult to finish, particularly in a small town.

Cold – hot

First you are hot, then you are cold, and the best you have got is the fact you are old.

Complicated – simple