164595 (The City of London and its role as a financial centre), страница 4
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Conclusions.
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Although historically the heart of the financial services sector in Britain was located in the “Square Mile” of the City of London, and this is broadly the case now, financial institutions have moved outside the area all over the country.
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The City of London is concentration of British financial power which makes London an angle of the New York-Tokyo-London triangular.
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Though Great Britain is still a leading industrialized nation and a member of G7 group it real power and international influence centers around its financial activities.
Reference list.
1.David McDowall, Britain in close-up/Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd.
2.Britain’s Banking and Financial Institutions/Reference Services, Central Office of Information, London.
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Angela Fiddles, The City of London (the historic square mile).
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Talking Points on Britain’s Economy/October 1999, December 1999.
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Банковское дело, выпуск №12, 1998г.
Appendix :
Table 1 .
Net Overseas Earnings of Britain’s Financial Institutions
| Million Pounds | |
| Banks | 6,188 |
| Securities Dealers | 1,658 |
| Commodity traders. Bullion dealers and export houses. | 556 |
| Money Market Brokers | 112 |
| Insurance Institutions | 5,952 |
| Pension Funds | 2,044 |
| Unit trusts | 724 |
| Investment Trusts | 383 |
| Fund Managers | 425 |
| Baltic Exchange | 292 |
| Lloyd’s Register of Shipping | 57 |
| Finance Leasing | 40 |
| Non-specified institutions | 1,962 |
| Total | 20,393 |
Table 2.
Notes in circulation.
| Value of notes in circulation end February 1996 (million) | No of notes issued by denomination in year to end February1996 (million) | |
| 1 pound | 56 | - |
| 5 pounds | 1,067 | 336 |
| 10 pounds | 5,688 | 575 |
| 20 pounds | 8,579 | 326 |
| 50 pounds | 3,104 | 43 |
| Other notes | 1,154 | - |
| Total | 19,648 | 1,280 |
Source : Bank of England.
Table 3.
Major British Banks 1995.
| Assets Liabilities (Mln pounds) | Market Capital (Mln pounds) | Staff | Branches | Cash dispensers and ATMs | |
| Abbey National | 97,614 | 10,765 | 16,300 | 678 | 1,267 |
| Bank of Scotland | 34,104 | 4,095 | 11,300 | 411 | 463 |
| Barclays | 164,184 | 18,407 | 61,200 | 2,050 | 3,020 |
| Lloyds TSB | 131,750 | 25,496 | 66,400 | 2,858 | 4,346 |
| Midland | 92,093 | 39,658 | 43,400 | 1,701 | 2,282 |
| National Westminster | 166,347 | 13,548 | 61,000 | 2,215 | 2,998 |
| Royal Bank of Scotland | 50,497 | 4,750 | 19,500 | 687 | 1,009 |
| Standard Chartered | 38,934 | 7,757 | 1,100 | 1 | - |
Figure 1.
Major Banks lending to British Residents December 1995.
Table 4.
Largest Building Societies.
| Rank by Group Assets | Rank After Flotations and Mergers in 1977 | Group Assets (million pounds) |
| 1. Halifax. | - | 98,655 |
| 2. Nationwide. | 1 | 35,742 |
| 3.Woolwich | - | 28,005 |
| 4. Alliance & Leicester | - | 22,846 |
| 5. Bradford & Bingley | 2 | 15,658 |
| 6. Britannia | 3 | 14,916 |
| 7.National & Provincial | - | 14,133 |
| 8.Northern Rock | - | 11,559 |
| 9.Bristrol & West | - | 8,589 |
| 10. Birmingham Mdshires | 4 | 6,725 |
| 11. Yorkshire | 5 | 6,412 |
| 12.Portman | 6 | 3,513 |
| 13.Coventry | 7 | 3,379 |
| 14.Skipton | 8 | 3,037 |
Table 5.
Overseas Banks in Britain
(Main Countries Represented).
| Country of origin | Branches of an Overseas Bank | British Incorporated Subsidiary of an Overseas Bank | Representative offices | Other | Total |
| France | 16 | 8 | 23 | - | 47 |
| Germany | 19 | 5 | 4 | - | 28 |
| Italy | 15 | 1 | 28 | - | 44 |
| Japan | 28 | 6 | 15 | 4 | 53 |
| Switzerland | 9 | 2 | 17 | - | 28 |
| United States | 23 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 49 |
| Other countries | 153 | 41 | 111 | 7 | 312 |
| Total | 263 | 72 | 209 | 17 | 561 |
Source: Bank of England.
Table 6.
General and Long-term Insurance Business 1985 - 1995.
General Insurance net premiums.
Table 7.
Growth in Unit Trusts and Investment Trusts.
Definitions.
| Assets - | anything owned by an individual, company, legal body or government which has a cash value. |
| Big Bang - | a system of major changes which brought deregulation to the London Stock Exchange in 1986. |
| Bill of Exchange - | an officially signed promise to pay to the receiver of the bill, the stated at the fixed time. |
| Bond - | a certificate issued by the borrower as a receipt for a loan usually longer than 12 months; it indicates the interest rate and the date of repayment. |
| Eurobond- | an international certificate issued by the borrower for a long-term loan (from 5 to 15 years) in any European currency but not in the currency of the issuing bank. |
| Securities- | general term for stocks and shares of all types. |
| Exchange- | a market for the toll purchase of goods or securities. |
| Stock Exchange- | a market for short or long term transactions in securities . |
| Commodity Exchange- | a stable market for wholesale transactions in preferably commodities and raw materials |
| Money Market- | a market for money instruments with a period of validity of less than one year. |
| Factoring- | a business activity in which a company takes over the responsibility for collecting the debts of another company. |
| Fund Management- | managing investors’ funds on their behalf or advising investors on how to invest their funds. |
| Financial Futures- | legal contracts for the sale or purchase of financial products on a specified future date, at the price agreed in the present. |
| Option- | A contract giving the right to buy or sell financial instruments or goods for a stated period at a stated price. |
| The London Bullion Market - | The international gold and silver market in London where trade is done by a telephone or electronic links. |
| Hedge | The purchase or sale futures contract as a temporary substitute for a transaction to be made at a later date |
| Open-Ended Fund- | A fund without a fixed number of shares |
| Quite-edged loans - | Loans issued on behalf of the Government to fund its spending. |
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Vassili Pamukhin March.2000Moscow
