Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции для Синергии

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Samantha: Hey Josh, what are you studying for your law exam?
Josh: Oh, just the usual. Legal ethics and administrative law.
Samantha: Ugh, I hate that stuff. So many rules to remember.
Josh: Tell me about it. And then there's comparative law on top of that.
Samantha: Comparative law? What's that again?
Josh: It's a comparison between different legal systems around the world. Like Chinese law, Islamic law, Jewish law, just to name a few.
Samantha: Wow, that sounds complicated. How do you keep all of that straight?
Josh: Well, thank goodness for my study group. We discuss and quiz each other on different types of laws and their applications.
Samantha: Oh yeah, I remember now. And don't forget about international law.
Josh: Right. That includes laws related to the United Nations, like treaties and human rights issues.
Samantha: Man, being a lawyer is not easy.
Josh: No kidding. But it's also fascinating to see how different societies have developed their own sets of laws.
Samantha: True. And the way those laws intersect with politics, social justice, and even war.
Josh: Exactly. There's so much to learn and explore in the field of law.
Question: According to the conversation, what helps Josh keep track of the different types of laws?

The correct order of events in a typical criminal trial is ...

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John: So, Sarah... When did you decide to become a lawyer?
Sarah: I've always been interested in the legal profession since I was young. My parents were lawyers too.
John: Wow, really? Did they work together or something?
Sarah: No, but they both inspired me to choose this career path.
John: That's cool. I can barely remember when I decided what I wanted to do with my life.
Sarah: It definitely wasn't an overnight decision for me either. It took years of hard work and studying to get where I am now.
John: Yeah, that's why I never pursued law. Too much reading and memorization.
Sarah: It's not just about memorizing laws and statutes. You have to be able to think critically and analyze information from different perspectives.
John: True, true. And how long have you been a practicing attorney?
Sarah: For about five years now. I started as a paralegal before taking the bar exam.
John: That must have been tough. The bar exam is known to be quite challenging.
Sarah: Oh, it definitely was. But it was worth it in the end. What about you? How long have you been working at your law firm?
John: Just a year, but I already feel like I'm learning so much from everyone here.
Sarah: That's great to hear. Law is an ever-changing field, so we never stop learning.
John: Yeah, I love that aspect of it. Always something new to discover.
Sarah: Absolutely. And speaking of learning, I have a case tomorrow morning that I need to prepare for. I should probably head out soon.
John: Of course. Good luck with your case!
Sarah: Thanks. Have a good evening, John!
Question: How long has Sarah been a practicing attorney?

… law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations in civil matters.

Who played a significant role in shaping legal codes across different nations?

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Text: Emily is a law student in England who is interested in pursuing a career in the legal profession. She is trying to understand the differences between barristers, solicitors, and judges. Recently, she attended a seminar where different legal professionals spoke about their roles. After the seminar, Emily has a few questions regarding who does what in the legal system.
Question: Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of a barrister in England?

The concept of "stare decisis" is most closely associated the legal system of ...

The correct order of events in a typical criminal trial is ...

Критериями успеха проекта могут выступать неявные факторы, в частности, ...

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a level of national law?

The … listened carefully to both sides before making a decision.

A … is a legal document that grants someone the authority to act on behalf of another person.

According to Salmond, law is defined as ...

Организационная структура ... согласуется на уровне тимлидов

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Text: Maria is a law student studying different legal systems around the world. In her recent class, the professor asked the students to identify the two main traditions of law. Maria is confused and wants to ensure she understands the differences between Common Law and Continental Law.
Question: Which of the following statements correctly identifies the two main traditions of law in the world?

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Tom: John, I just read that there are hundreds of unique systems of law used around the world. It's crazy to think about all the different ways people interpret and enforce laws.
John: Yeah, it's fascinating how different societies can have such distinct legal systems. What did you find most interesting?
Tom: Well, according to this article, legal systems often evolve at two paces – gradual changes in response to societal attitudes, or rapid shifts due to major events like revolutions or conflicts. Can you imagine a complete overhaul of our legal system overnight?
John: It's definitely hard to wrap my head around. And geographical, historical, and political events can also shape a country's legal system.
Tom: Right! Like how in Western countries, Civil Law is the most prevalent type of legal system, tracing its origins back to the Roman Justinian code from the 6th century. But then other countries were influenced by the French Revolution and adopted the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law instead.
John: That's true. I've heard that even some African countries have Civil Law systems based on the Belgian influence during colonization.
Tom: Wow, I had no idea. These systems sound so complex.
John: Yes, they do. And all of them involve a national constitution, legislation, subordinate laws, traditions, and codes of laws. It's pretty impressive how these five elements come together to create a functioning legal system.
Tom: Absolutely. And it makes me appreciate the importance of having well-defined and enforced laws in our society.
John: Definitely. It may seem complicated, but ultimately, the goal is to maintain fairness and justice for everyone.
Question: Which historical event led to the creation of the Napoleonic Code of Civil Law?

A professional that typically has direct contact with clients is a ...

Civil law concerns disputes between:

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Lila: Have you read the new law passed by Congress last week? It's about regulating environmental pollution.
Mark: No, I haven't. How is it different from the current regulations?
Lila: Well, it gives more power to federal agencies in enforcing and monitoring compliance with environmental laws. And it also imposes stricter penalties for violations.
Mark: That sounds like a good step towards protecting our environment. But what about local laws? Do they have any impact on this issue?
Lila: Yes, definitely. Each state has its own set of environmental laws that are tailored to their specific needs and challenges.
Mark: Right, I remember learning about that in my Environmental Law class. So even if there are national laws in place, local governments can create additional regulations?
Lila: Exactly. They can provide more detailed rules that cater to the particular needs of the community. And these local laws must comply with both state and federal laws.
Mark: Interesting. These different levels of laws can get quite complex.
Lila: Definitely. And it reflects the unique history, culture, values, and political institutions of each sovereign state. That's why we have diverse legal systems around the world.
Mark: Yeah, I never realized how vast and intricate the field of law is.
Lila: It sure is. And keeping up with all the changes and developments is no easy task.
Mark: You're right about that. Thanks for explaining everything to me, Lila. I really appreciate it.
Lila: Anytime, Mark. That's what friends are for!
Question: According to Lila, why do we have diverse legal systems around the world?

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Text: John is preparing for his final exam in his law course. He comes across a scenario where a country is involved in a dispute with another nation regarding trade regulations. He needs to determine which area of law primarily governs this situation.
Question: Which area of law is most relevant to the dispute between the two nations regarding trade regulations?

In civil law systems, the primary source of law is ...

The purpose of legal norms is ...

Barristers are known to be specialists in ...

Документ (система документов), содержащий описание и ... проекта, - это проектные материалы

The primary source of law in a civil law system is ...

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Text: Sarah is a small business owner who recently faced a dispute with a supplier over a delayed shipment that affected her ability to serve her customers. Unsure of her rights and the best course of action, she considers seeking legal advice.
Question: What are two primary motives for making and enforcing laws that Sarah should understand as she navigates her situation?

Иерархическая декомпозиция организационной, управляющей и производственной структуры проекта - это ...

Документ (система документов), содержащий описание и обоснование проекта, - это ...

... is a legal framework originating in England that relies on judicial precedents rather than written statutes.

Говоря о фазах жизненного цикла проекта, можно утверждать, что концепция проекта разрабатывается на ...

PMBOK, ICB, ISO 21500 - это ... стандарты

The … presented strong arguments to support her client's case today.

К базовым функциям менеджера проекта (PMI) относят ...

… is a pivotal document from 1215 that limited the monarch's power and set the stage for individual rights and freedoms.

Municipal law is primarily concerned with ...

The common law system in England began to develop in ...

... is a body of laws governing private rights and obligations, primarily derived from Roman law and codified statutes.

... is legal responsibility for one's actions or failures to act, which may result in penalties, damages, or the obligation to compensate for harm caused.

The term "Magna Carta" is translated in English as ...

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There's only one correct answer. Text: John was wrongfully convicted of theft based on faulty eyewitness testimony and inadequate legal representation. After serving two years in prison, new evidence emerged that proved his innocence. John is now considering a lawsuit against the state for the wrongful conviction, seeking compensation for the time he lost and the emotional distress he experienced.
Question: What legal principle is most applicable to John's situation?

If someone is accused of a crime, they have the right to a … trial.

A legal system that is known for its reliance on written codes and statutes is called ...

The area of law that deals with crimes and their punishments is known as … law.

The branch of law that regulates relationships between different government branches is ...

An example of a source of national law is ...

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There's only one correct answer: You are a junior associate at a law firm specializing in corporate law. Your supervisor has asked you to prepare a brief summary of an important legal concept that is frequently encountered in your practice area. Question: What important legal concept should a junior lawyer prepare for in their practice?

In a legal context, the primary responsibility of a prosecutor is ...

Lawyers may perform different functions: they give legal … to clients, draft legal papers and represent a client in a court of law.

Who presides over the hearing in a courtroom?

… is a comprehensive system of laws governing private rights and duties, primarily influenced by Roman law and codified regulations.

The following country primarily follows a civil law system:

The development of new codes of law in various countries was influenced by ...

"Magna Carta" literally means ...