Для студентов МГТУ им. Н.Э.Баумана по предмету Английский языкMy branch of engineering - Tool Engineering and TechnologyMy branch of engineering - Tool Engineering and Technology
2017-06-182017-06-18СтудИзба
Сочинение: My branch of engineering - Tool Engineering and Technology
Описание
My branch of engineering (Tool Engineering and Technology - MT2)
I am a student of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. I study at materials and technologies faculty. My future branch of engineering is Tool Engineering and Technology.Chair AMI (now MT1) (Metal Cutting Machines) was founded in 1930/ The chair provides training designers of program-controlled machine-tools and of automatic machines for electro vacuum and semiconductor industries.
Chair AM2 (now MT2) (Tool Engineering and Technology). The chair was founded in 1930.
Since 1941 the chair has been headed by prof. G.I.Granovsky. The staff of chair provides instruction in the theory of cutting processes, cutting-tool design and automation of cutting processes.
Chair AM3 (now MT3) (Mechanical Engineering Technology) was founded in 1930. The chair provides training in the field of designing technological processes and assembling of machine elements. Some words about the history of machine tool appearance.
Modern machine tools date from about 1775, when the English inventor John Wilkinson) constructed a horizontal boring machine for producing internal cylindrical surfaces. About 1794 Henry Maudslay developed the first engine lathe. Latter, Joseph Whitworth (1803-87) speeded the wider use of Wilkinson's and Maudslay's machine tools by developing, in 1830 measuring instruments accurate to a millionth of an inch. His work was of great value because precise methods of measurement were necessary for the subsequent mass production of articles having interchangeable parts.
During the 19th century, such standard machine tools as lathes, shapers, planers, grinders, and saws and milling, drilling, and boring machines reached a fairly high degree of precision, and their use became widespread in the industrializing nations. During the early part of the 20th century, machine tools were enlarged and made even more accurate. In the past three decades engineers have developed highly versatile and accurate machine tools that have been adapted to computer. These tools are now widely used.
First of all I'd like to tell you about the results of research work carried out by the scientist of the 1.2.3 chairs in 1950-1970th.
The physical process of chip forming were revealed and methods of optimal cutting regimes calculation were produced.
Prof. Granovsky generated a new trend in the theory of cutting - it is kinetics.
In 1970-1980* researches continued. A well-known scientist Kamjishev created the theory of automation devices for loading. He also developed machine tools and lines that allowed to find optimal variants of equipment designing. And at the beginning of this, 21st century, the new revolutionary method of machining was developed. It is called "Deforming cutting". The main feature of this method is that the special geometry of cutting tool increases 14 times the area of workpiece by means of workpiece material reappointment (перераспределение). It is of critical importance due to creating details of coolers and parts of other thermal machines.
Mechanical engineer is involved in machinery of all kinds. Now I'll tell you about one of the aspects of my branch of engineering - it is machine tools.
Before metal is formed into the required shape, it has to undergo a number of processes, such as casting, rolling, forging, welding, piercing, trimming, spinning, bending, drawing, etc. The machines which work on the surface of the metal piece, or provide it with grooves or holes or with a thread, are called machine-tools. The most common machine-tool found in almost any workshop is the lathe, in which the job spins round its axis while a cutting tool is working on it. Its main parts are: the headstock, which usually contains the gearing mechanism; the chuck, into which the job is clamped; the tailstock, which can be moved-along the bed to adjust the distance between the chuck and the tailstock centre; and the carriage consisting of the saddle and the cross slide on which the toolholder with the tool is mounted. The speed at which the lathe turns can be adjusted either by regulating the speed of the motor driving it, or by the - gearing. The automatic turret lathe is a perfection of the ordinary lathe. Its tools are changed automatically.
My future engineer's activity is concerned with Tool Engineering and Technology. We know that production engineering is the national treasure of any country. The level of their development predetermines the potential and efficiency of all kinds of industry. Graduates of our faculty occupy the leading position in research, design, and manufacturing enterprises of the main branches of industry.
But engineer does not finish his education when he receives his diploma and he is to study new developments constantly.
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