1589801768-c7ce8b39c4374c0d66db31cbbee41ba1 (Technology 1 student's book), страница 9

T h em a t e r i a l c o p i e s f e a t u r eo sf s h a r k s k i na n di s d e s i g n e dt o r e d u c ed r a g . T h em a k e r ss a yi t c a n i n c r e a s ep e r f o r m a n c eb yuoto 4%o.POWER SOCKSs o c k sf o r r u n n e r sw h i c h a r ed e s i g n e dt oA d i d a sp r o d u c ek n e e - l e n g t ht h e m u s c l e si nr e d u c el e gf a t i g u e . T h es o c k ss a v ee n e r g yb y c o m p r e s s i n gthe legs.Thips r e v e n t tsh e m u s c l e sv i b r a t i n ge a c ht i m e t h e r u n n e r ' sf o o th i t st h e g r o un d .T h ev i b r a t i o ni s a w a s t eo f e n e r g y .S W I F TS U I TA d i d a sh a v ed e s i g n e da n a e r o d y n a m i ch e a d - t o - a n k lseu i tf o r s p r i n t e r sc,y c l i s t s ,lt keepsathletesrowers,and ice-skaters.c o o la n d r e d u c e sd r a g .

T h ed e s i g n e rc l a i m si t g i v e sa t e n - c e n t i m e t r e'l00-metrea d v a n t a g ei n asprint.S T R A P L E S SG O G G T E SF o rs w i m m e r s N, i k eh a v ed e v e l o p e df e a t h e r w e i g hct a r b o ng o g g l e sw i t h o u ts t r a p sE. a c hl e n si s s t u c kt o t h e e y es o c k e tw i t h m e d i c a lg l u e .H a v i n gn o s t r a p st,h e g o g g l e sp r o du c e l e s sd r a gt h a n o r d i n ar y g o g g l e s .R e a d i n gb a n k 5 3AppropriatetechnologyStudythis mechanical device.Chooseits correctfunction.RUBBER SHOCK ABSORBER(rNsrorwHrnr)a farmingb exploding mines5-anrtnnpornc travelllng on the Moond filming in dangerous placese carrying thingsWHEELMOTORList some of the components ofthis devicein the table.Now read the descrÍptionof howthe deviceworks to find theanswerto these questions.1 What is the device called?2 What does it do?3 Why is it suitable for thedeveloping world?Why do the wheels have steelteeth?How often does a wheel have tobe changed?125cc prrnor ENcTNEItem, -Quantity5-metremetal or bamboo oolesWhy does the machine not missany mine in its path?Three-wheeledIife-saverT h e d e v i c ei s c a l l e da D e r v i s h .l t i s am i n e - d e t o n a tni g v e h i c l ef o r c l e ar in ga n t i - p e r s o n n eml i n e sf r o m f a r m l a n di n d e v e l o p i n gw o r l d c o u n t r i e s l.t h a sa v e r y s i m p l e d e s i g na n d u s e si n e x p e n s i v ep a r t s .T h e U n i t e dN a t i o n se s t i m a t e st h a t 2 4 , 0 0 0p e o p l ed i e e a c h y e a r b e c au s e o fmlnes.T h e D e r v i s hh a s t h r e e w h e e l s .E a c hwheel has steel teeth to create morep r e s s u r eW.

h e n t h e t e e t h p a s so v e r am i n e ,i t e x p l o d e s . T h ew h e e l s c a n'l,500e x p l o d ea r o u n dminesbeforet h e y h a v et o b e c h a n g e d .A m o t o r b i k ee n g i n e p o w e r st h eD e r v i s h T. h e d e v i c er o t a t e s A. s eachw h e e l p a s s e sa c e r t a i np o i n t i n t h er o t a t i o n ,i t s l o w s d o w n . T h i s m a k e st h e m a c h i n ea d v a n c ei n t i g h t c i r c l e s ,a b o u t 3 0 m m a o a r t .F o rt h i s r e a s o nno mine in itspath is missed.54 ReadingbankCrime-fightingandsecurityReadone ofthesetexts,A, B,or C,as your teacherdirects.Find outthe answersto thesequestions.1 What is this deviceor systemcalied?2 Whousesit?3 How doesit work?Shareyour answerswith othersinyourgroup.Readtheothertwotextsand seeifyou canfind any extrainformation.TheAdvancedtasergunisanelectricstungunwhichallowspolicetodealwithviolentpeoplewithoutcausinginjuryor death.lt hasa lasersightto makesurethesuspectisproperlytargeted.lt usesa compressedaircartridgeto firetwodartsat thesuspect.Thedartspullbehindthemfineelectriccable.Theycanpenetratethethickestclothing,upto 5centimetres,at a rangeof 6.4metres.Whenthedartshitsomeone,thegundeliversa 50,000voltshockforfiveseconds.Theshockcausestemporaryparalysis.Taserwaves,electricalsignals,causethesuspectSmusclesto contract.Thegunscontaina microchipwhichrecordsthedateandtimeof eachfiring.Theirisisthecolouredringroundthecentralpartofyoureye.Eachoneisdifferent,whichmakesit perfectforsecuritysystemssuchaslris-scanning.First,youririsisscannedandtheinformationconvertedto a digitalfilewhichisstoredin a database.Thisprocesstakesaboutthreeminutes.Whenyougo to ahighsecurityarea,yousimplylookat a camerawhichscansyouriris.Theresultiscomparedwithyourdatabaseentry.lt takesjustovera secondto completethecheck.Thesystemis usedat airportsto speedpassengersthroughpassportcontrolandto controlentrytorestrictedareas.Somebanksuseit at ATM machinesinsteadof PlNs.Apartfromthespeed,theadvantageisthatusersdon'tneedto remembera passwordor key.Thesystemcanhandleuserswearingglasses,contactlenses,andalsopeoplechangesto theeyeasage.Sofar,it'sfoolproof.Readingbank 55O f f p n d p rl r , r r ki n n .

n n ( i S t SO I a S m a l lt r a c k i nugn i tw o r no n t h eb e l to rankle.lt usesthetechnologyof(GG l o b apl o s i t r o n i ns ygs t e m P S ) t orecordthewearer'smovements.Thisrsfeddatato a serverwhichmatchesmovementswith places.SomeofÍendersarerestrictedto an areaa r o u n tdh e i rh o m e .l f t h e ym o v ethatarea,thisis reportedoutsidebye - l , r rl ol t h po o l i r eS o m eo f f e n d e r sareforbiddento entercertainareas.lftheygo there,thisis reporteda u t o m a t i c atlol yt h ep o l r c eT h esystemalsocontainsdetailsofc r i m e sl f.a n o f f e n d eirs n e a rt h esceneo f a c r i m ea t t h er r g h t i m e a,r e p o ritss e n td i r e c t ltyo t h ep o l r c e .I21hr )'t)LLl5bIRrn5 6 R e a d i n gb a n kManufacturingStudythe commonmanufacturing processesonpp.56-58.WASTINGmetalmetalmetal,woodFrom the list beloW identify theprocessand method involved ineach of these operations.iMaking a small circular hole ina metal sheet.2 Joiningtwosimilarmetalsusing heat.Applying a permanent layer ofchromium to a steel car bodypart.Gluing wings to the body of anaÍrcraft.MakingaluminÍumcomponents by pouring hotmetal into a shaped container.MakÍng plastic bottles byblowing aÍrinto a hot plastictube.turning (Iathe)andmilling(millingmachine)drillingFORMINGmetalmetalmetalr-rITForcÍngaluminium through adie to make window frames.É i_____nJShaping steel by hammeringan ingot of hot metal.Spraying a component withtiny particles ofresin andcolour to make a protectiveandattractive covering.filingIshearÍngl0 Cutting a metal sheet Íntotwousing a sharp blade.punchingandpiercingbendingmetalmetal, plastícmetalílÍliJ{hflhflhflH{-}iJi}x+iflt-r----re*aÉEgrollformingrforgingil__-.{ap-*-_lextrusionR e a d i n gb a n k 5 7CASTINGAND MOULDINGmetalplasticmetal,polymeÍs,andplastictr--r---r1L-::-plastic---!|T-I|........-.-r\./r-lVsandcastingand die castingmetalruIlL--J|rrArrF\ /\:,--1{-------+\=\.-_Jr\-.--lt)Varcweldingand gas weldingI----ll-[_J-\=_-J-]l\\-\)injectionmouldingblowmouldingvacuumformíngmetalmetal,wood,plastic, fabricmetal,woodN-,, fr=t'{llrL_-JillillTLlrlO:-lcWlll*_]l_.ltlH'r*1nrnlItltltltltitbrazingWlllusingadhesivesWllrusingmechanicalfixing s (rÍvets,screws,bolts,etc.)l5 8 R e a d i n gb a n kCLEANING AND COATINGmetalmetalf,rand ultrasoniccleaningchemicalcleanÍngmetal, wood, plasticpaintinga)Ct\-_/\_/platingmetalpowdercoatingReadingbank 59TransportA hybrid resultsfrom combiningtwo differentthings.

What twothings are combined to make ahybridcar?Lookat the diagramand checkyour answer.Readthe text and find the answersto thesequestions.1 When is the petrol engine usedalone?2 When is the electric motor usedalone?3 When are both motors used?4 What advantage does this carhave over an electric car?5 HowisthebatterychargedTA H y b r i d - e l e c t rvi ce h i c l e( H E V )h a s b o t h a p e t r o le n g i n e a n d a ne l e c t r r cm o t o r ,T h e p e t r o le n g i n e i s t h e m a i n p o w e r s o u r c e .l t i ss m a | | earn d I i g h t etrh a nt h e e n g i n e so Íc o n v e n t i o n acIa r s .T h e e | e c t r i cm o t o r p r o v i d e se x t r a p o w e r w h e n n e e d e d . I n s o m e H E V s , i t i sc o n n e c t e dt o t h e w h e e l sb y t h e s a m et r a n s m i s s i o nI n.

a d d i t i o nt o af u e |t a n k ,t h e H E V c a r r i e sa p a c ko Ía d v a n c e db a t t e r i e sT. h e r ei s a | s oa p r o c e s s owr h i c hd e c i d e sw h e n t o u s et h e m o t o ra n d e n g i n e .W h e n t h e c a r i s r u n n i n ga t a c o n s t a n ts p e e d ,c r u i s i n gt, h e p e t r o le n g i n ep r o v i d e sa l l t h e p o w e r r e q u i r e dF. o ro v e r t a k i n gh, i l lc l i m b i n g ,a n d a c c e l e r a t i nfgr o m s t o p ,t h e e l e c t r i cm o t o r p r o v i d e se x t r ap o w e r .I ns o m e c a r s ,t h e m o t o r a l s o p r o v i d e sp o w e r f o r l o w - s p e e dc r u i s i n gl n g i n e sa r e l e a s te f f i c i e n itn t h e s ec o n d i t i o n s .as petroeH E V s u s e r e g e n e r a t i v eb r a k i n g .W h e n t h e d r i v e r b r a k e s ,t h er e s i s t a n c eo f t h e m o t o r h e l p s t o s l o w d o w n t h e c a r .

A t t h e s a m et i m e , t h e e n e r g yf r o m t h e w h e e l s t u r n s t h e m o t o r w h i c h t h e nf u n c t i o n sa s a g e n e r a t o r p, r o d u c i n ge l e c t r i c i t yt o r e c h a r g et h eb a t t e r i e sW. h e n t h e b a t t e r i e sa r e l o w , t h e p e t r o le n g i n ea l s o d r i v e sthe generator.H E V s h a v e a u t o m a t i cs t a r t/ s h u t o Í fT. h e p e t r o |e n g i n es h u t so Í fw h e n t h e c a r c o m e s t o a s t o p W h e n t h e d r i v e r p r e s s e st h ea c c e l e r a t o tl h e m o t o r i n s t a n t l sy t a r t st h e e n g i n ea g a i n .N o e n e r g yi sw a s t e df r o m i d l i n gw h e n t h e c a r i s s t o p p e d .H E V sa r e m o r ee f f i c i e n at n d p o l l u t el e s st h a n c a r sw i t h o n l y p e t r o lenginesT.

h e y d o n o t r e q u i r es p e c i a fl u e l l i k e h y d r o g e nc a r s a n d ,u n l i k ee l e c t r i c a r s ,t h e yd o n o t n e e dt o b e p l u g g e di n o v e r n i g httor e c h a r g et h e b a t t e r i e s .H o w e v e r ,t h e y a r e h e a v y b e c a u s eo f t h ew e i g h to Ít h e b a t t e r i e s .6 0 R e a d i n gb a n kHighliving:skyscrapersYou needto be ableto travelquickly up and down skyscrapers.Lookat the diagram oppositeof aIiftsystemand answerthesequestions.1 What is the counterweightfor?2 What arethe guide rails for?3 What arethe safetyfeatures?Now readthe text to checkand toaddto your answers.Readthe text againand answerthe questions.1 What doesthe microprocessordo?2 Whyistravelinlifts oneofthesafestjourneysyou canmake?The clevelopment of tall br,rildtngsand liftsgo togethcr The first,e|evators,Iifts.orin Arneric.tn EngIish, CoÍlsistedof a p|;ltforrnsuspendecl from a rope which passed over a pulley at the top ofthe building.

lf tl-rcrope brokc.,the platform fell to the grounclln | 852 Elisha Otrs invented the first safety lift. lf the rope broke,a brake was applied automatically which lockecl the platfornt inplacc between guide rails.Today thc Otrs corrpany ts thelargest supplier of lifts in the worlcl.Most liftstoday are roped lifts.The car rlrns Lretweenverticalguide railswhich keep it steady and act ;rsa safety ckvice. Stcclropes, or cables, .rttached to the roof of ttre car pass over apulley, called the drive sheave.