Module 5_StudentsBook (Решения заданий 5 и 6 модуля учебника)

Students book

Module 5. COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY.

1. The more you know about the past, the better you are prepared for the future

ex. 1

1. It was the abacus.

2. Wilhelm Schickard invented the first mechanical calculator.

3. Charles Babbage deserves the title the Father of the computer.

ex. 2

1. The abacus first appeared around 2500 BC.

2. The slide rule was invented in the 1620s.

3. The arithmometer first appeared in 1820.

ex. 3

1. multiplication - умножение

2. addition - сложение

3. subtraction - вычитание

4. division - деление

ex. 4

1. The abacus is the earliest recognized device for computing.

2. The first slide rule was invented by William Oughtred.

3. Babbage's Analytical Engine contained processors, control units, a memory, an input/output system.

4. No, it didn’t.

5. The first tabulating machine of Herman Hollerith was used in 1890.

6. ENIAC.

ex. 5

1. processor

2. control units

3. memory

4. input/output

5. essential

6. to store

7. machine

ex. 7

1. Charles Babbage designed the world’s first computer in the middle of the 19th century.

2. Ada Lovelace.

3. Ada Lovelace was a daughter of George Gordon Byron.

4. No, the didn’t.

5. Steam engine.

6. Babbage got the idea for his input device from Joseph Jacquard.

ex. 8

1. the middle of the 19th century.

2. Analytical Engine

3. George Gordon Byron, programme

4. numbers in his computer

5. a steam engine

6. it had all the ingredients of true computer

ex. 9

1. Who designed the ENIAC?

ENIAC is designed mostly by a John von Neumann

1. What did Alan Turing invent?

Alan Turing invented a few machines to break Enigma code and Turing machine.

1. Why the industry made a big step after the 1950s?

This progress was a consequence of the invention of the semiconductors.

ex. 10

1. Charles Babbage;

2. Ada Lovelace

3. Semyon Korsakov

4. Blase Pascal

5. Gottfried Leibniz

6. Wilhelm Schickard

ex. 11

1. base, basis; basic, base; to base; basically.

2. calculator; calculation; calculator; calculation; to calculate.

ex. 12

1. d

2. g

3. f

4. b

5. a

6. e

7. h

8. c

ex. 13

1. different

2. small lightweight

3. larger

4. typical desktop

5. software

6. paper

ex. 14

1. small, typical, different

2. lightweight

3. larger

4. paper

5. desktop, software

ex. 15

1. машина времени - машинное время

2. исследовательский компьютер - компьютерное исследование

3. потенциальный покупатель - покупательский потенциал

4. прибыльный рекорд - рекордная прибыль

ex. 16

1. The first mechanical calculator - arithmometer - first appeared in 1820.

2. A hand-operated calculator is a useful device, but smartphones are using more often these days.

3. Nowadays we have significant development in the computer industry.

4. The first mass-produced calculating device was the Thomas Arithmometer.

5. The first automated data processing system was the ENIAC constructed in 1946.

6. Each computer now has an input-output system.

7. The essential parts of the computers are so expensive now.

8. The world’s first computer program was written by Ada Lovelace.

9. The first serious computer I got when I was 13.

ex. 17

1. Чипы

Компьютерные чипы

Современные компьютерные чипы

Производство современных компьютерных чипов

Техника производства современных компьютерных чипов

1. Физика

Квантовая физика

Исследование в квантовой физике

Методы исследования в квантовой физике

1. Язык

Компьютерный язык

Разработка компьютерного языка

Анализ разработки компьютерного языка

1. Компьютер

Компьютерное исследование

Центр компьютерных исследований

Тест центра компьютерных исследований

ex. 18

1. Rob's a racing driver and he's being interviewed after a race.

2. 70 seconds.

3. He expected to win. “You don't come second in a high-quality vehicle like mine.”

4. There's no “s” because the word” kilometre” functions as an adjective here - and we can't make adjectives plural.

5. Yes, you need.

6. High-quality, built-in, seventy-second, six-mile.

ex. 19

1. high-quality

2. seventy-second

3. four-kilometre

4. low-cost

5. nine-hour

6. six-mile

ex. 20

• Rob, congratulations on your latest win. What did that last victory mean to you?

• Honestly, I expected to win. I mean, you don't come second in a high-quality vehicle like mine.

• That's true - it's an impressive motor - but what you did was amazing: your fastest lap time was truly incredible.

• Well, you're right. You don't see a seventy-second lap every day.

• Thanks for your time Rob. Well, this year the drivers are hoping to complete the four-kilometre course in an even faster time...

ex. 21

1. water-proof smartphone

2. old-fashioned computer

3. seventy-inch TV

4. well-known win

5. built-in GPS module

2. Computer pioneers & Pioneer computers

ex. 1

1. Picture two shows the first laptop created by Apple in 1989.

2. Picture three shows the first commercial microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1971.

3. Picture four shows the first personal computer (PC) introduced by IBM in 1981.

4. Picture five shows the first Apple computer came out in 1976.

5. Picture six shows the first Windows 1.0 operating system announced by Microsoft in 1985.

ex. 2

1. The main components of a computer are the power supply, CPU, RAM, optical drive, motherboard, dedicated video card and the hard drive.

2. RAM stands for random access memory.

3. RAM acts as short-term memory and hard-drive acts as long-term memory.

4. The function of the motherboard is to connect all computer components.

5. The processor determines calculation all kinds of things in computer and movement of data.

6. Video card is responsible for displaying everything we see on our screen

ex. 3

1. A computer is an advanced electronic data processing device which accepts and stores input data, processes input data and generates the output.

2. Hardware is a machinery part of computer or electronic system.

3. Software is a program used for operating computer.

ex.5

1. d

2. c

3. b

4. a

5. f

6. g

7. h

8. e

ex. 6

1. The first form of the mechanical calculator which can perform all four arithmetic operations was designed by Wilhelm Schickard.

2. The first calculator which used things today was created by Gottfried Leibniz.

3. The French most celebrated mathematician Blaise Pascal who was also a famous physicist and religious philosopher.

4. The English mathematician Ada Lovelace who wrote hypothetical programs for Analytical Engine is often considered the world’s first programmer.

5. The Russian mathematician Semyon Korsakov who invented several devices for the comparison of ideas intended to use punch cards as a memory holder like Babbage.

ex.7

1. zipped

2. formatted

3. position the cursor

4. resize

5. a hard copy

6. started up my computer

7. created a new document

8. to copy text

9. save the document

10. lost my work

ex. 8

I work on my computer almost every day. I start up my computer in about an hour after I get home and turn it off before I go to bed. I’m not afraid of losing my work, because I have automatically enabled auto-save on most of my programs. I’m happy with this feature: even if I’m hard copying documents there were a few situations, where auto-save saved tons of my work.

ex. 9

1. Do you make a hard copy of the original document to when you work? Yes, I do.

2. Do you always remember to save you document at least every 15 minutes? Yes, I do it almost every time.

3. Do you think it is wrong to copy text from the Internet to use it in an essay? No, I don’t, if it’s not full essay copied.

4. Do you start up your computer every day? Yes, it is almost every day.

5. Have you ever lost your document because something went wrong with your computer? Unfortunately, yes, I have.

6. Have you ever sent an email you were sorry about later? I don’t remember exactly, so, probably, yes.

7. Did you start up your computer before 8 a.m. yesterday? No, I didn’t.

ex. 11

1. require

2. refuse

3. restart

4. relax

ex.12

1. scan

2. skim

ex.13

1. B

ex.14

1. e

2. c

3. b

4. a

5. d

ex.15

1. closely

2. refined

3. owing to

4. storage

5. rapid

6. inspired

ex.16

1. Neil was playing on his smartphone.

2. A smartphone is a kind of phone that allows you to go online.

3. Neil mentioned he may need to find his way, to know the weather, to do some math or translate some words.

4. App is short for application which is a computer program for a specific purpose.

5. The first desktop computer was designed and created by the Italian company Olivetti.

6. Was it in: a) 1955, b) 1965, c) 1975? My answer is b.

ex.17

1. what often called deskilling effect

2. those talents begin to fade

3. feel empathy, take a broad perspective, interpret all the stuff that can’t be turned into a data

ex.18

Neil: According to Nicholas Carr using a computer means that we’re losing skills.

Rob: Carr says that relying on computers means our talent is fading because we don’t use it anymore.

Neil: And says we’re losing some other things that make us human-like empathy.

Rob: So, do you agree with this writer, Neil?

Neil: I think he’s got the point actually.

Rob: It’s like the friendships we make across the social media, it’s nice to get to know new people in different countries but we have to remember that it’s important to talk to people face-to-face too.

Neil: Maybe we shouldn’t use GPS to find our way around for all time instead of having a conversation with someone, ask for directions.

Rob: Perhaps we can give this spellchecker a miss occasionally. It is good to actually learn how to spell words properly and not leave everything to the machine.

Neil: I’ll try not to rely so much on digital technology. Computers are here to stay, and they become more and more sophisticated, but we must remember that they are just tools.

ex. 19

1. allows you to go online.

2. gives us directions with the help of satellites orbiting the Earth

3. helps us avoid making spelling mistakes when we’re typing on a computer

ex. 20

1. Первый «настольный» компьютер, произведенный итальянской компанией Olivetti, был представлен в Нью Йорке в 1965.

2. Возможности компьютера делать вещи, которые делали мы, астрономически возрастают

3. Автор книги, названной «Стеклянная клетка – куда нас ведет автоматизация» думает, что компьютеры могут вызывать проблемы.

4. Мы теряем некоторые вещи, которые делают нас людьми.

5. Мир, в котором мы живем, меняется непрерывно.

6. Приложение, которое ты хочешь установить, очень полезно из-за того, что оно рассказывает прогноз погоды.

ex. 21

1. mass-produced

2. last-minute

3. general-purpose

4. secure-key

5. high-density

6. thought-provoking

3. The future Is flexible

ex.1

Flexible.

ex.2

1. Excitement is all about comfort and usability.

2. This technology is too young and devices are not reliable.

3. Flexible phones, flexible computers.

ex. 3

1. Гибкая электроника - это платы и системы, которые могут быть согнуты, сложены или растянуты или скатаны без потери их функций. Системы часто созданы с использованием устройств, которые могут печатать такие компоненты, как память, сенсоры, батареи, антенны, используя проводящие чернила на гибких поверхностях.

ex 4.

1. can’t be bent

2. portability

3. rethink

4. unbreakable

5. without

6. enormous potential

7. also possible

8. graphene

ex. 6

hyphen

1. общего назначения

2. ультра-тонкие

3. тонкие, как плёнка

4. туннельный транзистор

ex. 7

1. Electronics have been miniaturized from 1950 really qickly, but there is a room for more.

2. We’ve made the way from one-layer chips to a general-purpose computer in one circuit.

3. The modern methodology is universal and offers us a chance to experiment with materials.

4. Science works can lead us to new amazing devices for everyone.

ex. 8

1. c

2. d

3. e

4. f

5. a

6. b

ex. 9

1. eventual

2. numerous

3. flexible

4. hefty

5. tricky

6. precise

ex. 10

1. eventual

2. flexible

3. tricky

4. numerous

5. precise

6. hefty

ex. 11

1. He is somebody you can rely on.

2. Who was that man I saw you with in a café?

3. I like the people I work with.

4. I didn’t get the job I applied for.

5. These are the books I told you about.

6. What is the name of a hotel you stayed at?

7. What was the problem he refused to deal with?

ex. 12

1. in, in

2. from

3. about

4. of

5. of

6. from

7. for

8. for

9. at

10. of

11. with

ex. 13

1. ввести пароль

2. отправить электронное письмо

3. срок действия пароля истекает

4. удалить файл

5. перезагрузить компьютер

6. запускать ПО

7. устанавливать ПО

8. печатать документ

ex. 15

1. e

2. c

3. a

4. f

5. b

6. d

ex. 17

1. c

2. h

3. b

4. a

5. d

6. e

7. g

8. f

ex. 18

1. design

2. compatible

3. even

4. completed

5. volume

6. rolled

7. According to

8. mature

ex. 20

1. Yes, I have.

2. No, they haven’t.

3. It’s a new technology that needs both research and customers.

4. Yes, they are.

5. According to the video, in a few years.

6. Foldable smart mobile theatre, for example.

ex. 21

1. no one is making enough of them.

2. combine into a very thin film.

3. change another material as well to make everything compatible.

4. device design, circuit design and product design.

5. volume.

6. interested in flexible displays; volumes; take the risk on a new project.

7. roll displays up like a pen and unroll them to have a much larger screen.

8. many opportunities will open up.

4. Brain vs supercomputer... Which one wins?