PRGRM_8 (1110863)

Просмтор этого файла доступен только зарегистрированным пользователям. Но у нас супер быстрая регистрация: достаточно только электронной почты!

Текст из файла

PROGRAMME 8

Text One

A Matter of Habit

Vic West's View*

I never used to go anywhere without the car. I regarded it as an essential

part of myself. But when the price of petrol doubled in one year, I resolved not to use

the car except when absolutely necessary.

For example, I always used to take the car when I went to fetch the papers on Sunday mornings, although our newsagent's is only 10 minutes' walk away;

now I go on foot.

I tell myself that I'm not only economising on petrol but keeping fit at

the same time. It's all a question of habit really. I'm sure you can get used to

anything if you try and I already feel that I rely on the car less than I used to.

Besides, now that we live in the suburbs, I can walk down the road and

catch a bus to the office or to any other part of the town. We used to live

in the country about 15 miles from town and then I would frequently drive

to and from twice in one day. That meant I would use 15 gallons of petrol

and more in a week; now I need half that amount.

The trouble is that I am also getting used to the petrol prices.

They don't seem so very high to me any more. Perhaps it's easier to get

accustomed to expensive petrol than it is to doing without the car.

* Vic West - the newspaper's columnist.

Programme 8

Text Two

A Helpful Neighbour

Mr. Williams: I've just brought your ladder back, Mr. Fielding

Thanks for lending it to me. Where shall I leave it?

Mr. Fielding: Just lean it against the wall there. How are you settling down

in the new house?

Mr. Williams: Oh, fine, thanks. All the neighbours have been very kind. We think

we'll be very happy there.

Mr. Fielding: I'm sure you'll soon feel at home. Use the ladder again any time.

Mr. Williams: Thanks...Er... Do you mind if I borrow one of your drills?

Mr. Fielding: There are all my drills. Which one do you want?

Mr. Williams: Any one will do. I only want to drill some holes in the wall to put up some shelves.

Mr. Fielding: Well, take the electric one. It bores holes through anything.

Mr. Williams: How does it work? I don't want to ruin it.

Mr. Fielding: It's child's play. Anyone can use it. You just plug it in and press

this switch; release the switch and it stops again.

Mr. Williams: I'll need some long screws as well. They're out of stock at Smith's hardware stores. Do you know where I can buy some?

Mr. Fielding: Try Thorn's in Paul Street; you can usually find anything you want there... Hang on a minute though; I've got lots of screws in

that tin there. Help yourself if there are any the right size.

Mr. Williams: That's very generous of you, Mr. Fielding. Thank you very much.

Mr. Fielding: You're welcome, Mr. Williams. Always glad to oblige a neighbour.

Programme 8

Text Three

The Commuter

Jane: How are things, Ron?

Ron: Not bad, Jane. I'm involved in too many problems and it's a long working day, but I'm used to that, so it doesn't bother me too much.

Jane: How do you like the commuting to London every day? Don't you find it

a strain?

Ron: It was ghastly at first - especially getting up before dawn to catch that

6.30 train. But it's bearable now that I'm used to it.

Jane: Don't you think it's an awful waste of time? I couldn't bear to spend three

hours sitting in a train every day.

Ron: I used to feel the same as you, but now I quite enjoy it.

Jane: How do you pass the time?

Ron: In the morning I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up

with the news; on the way home at night I relax with a good book, or have

a nap, or chat with friends or even have a game of bridge.

Jane: I suppose you know lots of people on the train now.

Ron: Yes, I bump into someone I know on the platform every day. Last week

I came across a couple of old school friends and we spent the entire journey

in the bar.

Jane: It sounds like a good club. You never know, I may join it!

Programme 8

Notes: Forms and Patterns

1 (a) used to (b) habitual 'would'

(a) I always used to take the car on Sundays. (I always took the car.)
When he was single he used to go out every Friday. (X... he was going out... X)
'Used to' is used for actions done habitually in the past but now no
longer done. The simple past is possible in these cases, but the past
continuous is not often suitable.

We used to live in the country, but now we live in the suburbs.
My son used to believe in Father Christmas. (He believed before but he
doesn't now.)

States or situations which continued for a period of time in the past can
be indicated by 'used to'.

I didn't use to like commuting much.
Ron used not to understand bridge.
I never used to go anywhere without the car.
The negative form 'didn't use to' is used in conversational English by
many speakers, others both write and say 'used not to'. For habitual
negatives, 'never used to' is widely used.

(b) I would frequently drive to and fro twice. (I used to/I drove.)
I would often use 15 gallons in a week.
'Would' is an alternative to 'used to' for habitual actions, but not for
states or situations (X We would live in the country, but now... X).

2 to use / used to / to be used to / to get used to

I don't use the car except when necessary. (I don't make use of it.)
I used to think the same. (I don't now.)
I am used to hard work. (Hard work is familiar to me, a habit.)
I am getting used to the prices. (They are becoming acceptable/familiar.)
I've got used to getting up early. (I've learned the habit.)

3 any

You can get used to anything. (It doesn't matter what.)
Anyone can use it. (It doesn't matter who.)
You can use it any time. (It doesn't matter when.)
Any drill will do. (It doesn't matter which drill.)
Used in an affirmative sentence, 'any' has this special meaning.

Programme 8

Prepositions, Verbs, Phrases, Idioms

regard as Dickens is regarded as one of England's greatest novelists.
economise on We managed to economise on heating because of the mild winter.
a question of I can do it for you, but I'm busy now. It's a question of time.
rely on A friend should be a person you can rely on.
to and fro The school isn't far. The children walk to and fro twice a day.
do without I can't do without a cup of coffee at ten o'clock.

bring back Can I borrow your car? I'll bring it back in an hour.
settle down Jane was unhappy at first, but she soon settled down in her new school.
child's play He thought the exercise was child's play but he made ten mistakes.
plug in You can plug in your radio over there by the bed.
out of stock This shop sells ladders, but they're out of stock at present.
hang on "I'm going now." "Hang on a second. I'll come with you."
how are things "How are things at work these days, Fred?" "Not bad, thanks, Paul."
involved in He was involved in several dishonest affairs.
can't bear I can't bear loud radios.
catch up with I was ill last week so I've got a lot of work to catch up with.
bump into "Have you seen Ted lately?" "Yes. I bumped into him at the cinema last week."
come across I came across your letter while I was tidying up my office.

Programme 8

Practice Section

Text Two
Mr. Williams: Thanks for the ladder, Mr. Fielding. / Shall I put it here?
Mr. Fielding: Yes, that's fine. / Borrow it any time.
Mr. Williams: That's very kind of you. / Do you think you could lend me a drill?
Mr. Fielding: Take any one you want. / The electric one goes through anything.
Mr. Williams: Do I just plug it in and press the switch?
Mr. Fielding: That's right, it's child's play.
Mr. Williams: I'm obliged to you, Mr. Fielding. / Oh - where can I buy long screws?
Mr. Fielding: Thorne's should have them in stock. / But there are some in
that tin that might do. / Go ahead, help yourself.
Mr. Williams: Well, thanks very much!


Text Three

I'm even used to catching the 6.30.
It used to seem a waste.
I catch up with the news, or have a chat.
You can spend the whole time in the bar.

Jane: Getting used to commuting yet, Ron?
Ron: Oh yes, I'm even used to catching the 6.30 now.
Jane: But it must bother you, sitting on a train for three hours a day.

Ron: Well, it used to seem a waste, but I quite like it now.
Jane: What do you do to pass the time? Read?
Ron: Yes, I catch up with the news, or have a chat or a game of cards.
Jane: It sounds just like a club.
Ron: It is. And you can spend the whole time in the bar.

Drill 1 (R) I don't like chocolate now. when I was a boy
But I used to like chocolate when I was a boy.

Do you like whisky now?
Yes, but I never used to like whisky.

Drill 2 (R) We don't mind where you put it.
You can put it anywhere you like.

They don't care what he does.
He can do anything he likes.

Programme 8

Drill 3 On Sundays we always used to get up late. And have breakfast in bed.

Yes, and sometimes we'd have breakfast in bed.

Then we used to go for a walk. And take a boat on the river.
Yes, and sometimes we'd take a boat on the river.

1 On Sundays we always used to get up late. And have breakfast In bed.
2 Then we used to go for a walk. And take a boat on the river.
3 Mary used to cook lunch. And roast a chicken.
4 The children used to play football in the park. And get home late.
5 I used to wash the dishes. And make the tea.
6 In the afternoon we used to watch television. And play cards.
7 In the evening the boys used to do their homework. And write letters.
8 I often used to go to the pub at eight o'clock. And see Bill there.

Drill 4 Do they often swim in the winter?
Yes, they're used to swimming in the winter.

Have you always lived in a hot country?
Yes, I'm used to living in a hot country.

1 Do they often swim in the winter?
2 Have you always lived in a hot country?
3 Does Bill always get up early?
4 Have they paid a high price for petrol for long?
5 Do you like living by yourself?
6 Has she always worked at night?
7 Do they always drink a lot of whisky?
8 Do you always go to bed late?

Drill 5 Are you beginning to like your new job now?
Yes, I'm getting used to my new job now.

Did he learn to work harder?
Yes, he got used to working harder.

1 Are you beginning to like your new job now?
2 Did he learn to work harder?
3 Had he learned to get up early in the morning?
4 Has he begun to enjoy living in France?
5 Will he be able to speak French soon?
6 Are they beginning to like these cigarettes now?
7 Will they be able to walk all that way every day
8 Did he learn to eat snails and garlic?

Programme 8

Exercise 1

'Use "used to'" where suitable, otherwise Past Simple or Past Continuous

1 When I (be) a little boy I (smoke) cigarettes occasionally.
2 I (stop) smoking completely, however, before I (reach) the age of 10.
3 We (live) by the sea in those days and my brothers and I often (walk) along
the beach to a deserted spot where we (smoke) our cigarettes in secret.
4 My big brother (steal) the cigarettes from my father's pocket while he (sleep).
5 At that time my father (smoke) more than forty cigarettes a day and he
never (notice) when Jack (take) a few from one of his packets.
6 One day my father (see) us while we (smoke) on the beach, but to our
surprise he only (smile) and (say) nothing.
7 After that we (buy) cigarettes from time to time and, although our smoking
(be) no longer a secret, we still (go) to our favourite spot to smoke them.
8 A few months later, however, we (lose) interest and I have never smoked
since then.

Exercise 2

Re-write the verbs using 'would' where possible, or if you cannot, 'used to'
N.B.: One of the verbs should not be changed

Характеристики

Тип файла документ

Документы такого типа открываются такими программами, как Microsoft Office Word на компьютерах Windows, Apple Pages на компьютерах Mac, Open Office - бесплатная альтернатива на различных платформах, в том числе Linux. Наиболее простым и современным решением будут Google документы, так как открываются онлайн без скачивания прямо в браузере на любой платформе. Существуют российские качественные аналоги, например от Яндекса.

Будьте внимательны на мобильных устройствах, так как там используются упрощённый функционал даже в официальном приложении от Microsoft, поэтому для просмотра скачивайте PDF-версию. А если нужно редактировать файл, то используйте оригинальный файл.

Файлы такого типа обычно разбиты на страницы, а текст может быть форматированным (жирный, курсив, выбор шрифта, таблицы и т.п.), а также в него можно добавлять изображения. Формат идеально подходит для рефератов, докладов и РПЗ курсовых проектов, которые необходимо распечатать. Кстати перед печатью также сохраняйте файл в PDF, так как принтер может начудить со шрифтами.

Список файлов учебной работы